Food for thoughts
Jan. 25, 2025
Publications
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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, The French Judicial Public Interest Agreement and the time saved: the Areva and Orano CJIP of 2 December 2024, Working Paper, January 2025.
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🎤 This Working Paper was developed as a basis for the Overhang👁 video on 25 January 2025 : click HERE (in French)
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🎬🎬🎬In the collection of the Overhangs👁 It falls into the News category.
►Watch the complete collection of the Overhangs👁 : click HERE
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► Summary of this Working Paper: On 2 December 2024, Areva/Orano signed a Public Interest Judicial Agreement (CJIP) with the French National Financial Prosecutor's Office, validated by the order of 9 December 2024 of the President of the Paris Judicial Court. The case concerns the bribery of a foreign public official in Mongolia through the use of an intermediary.
This perfectly illustrates the primary advantage of this Compliance Tool, which consists of closing a situation that could deprive a company of the means to act in the future. Even if neither the CJIP nor the validation order constitutes an admission of guilt or a conviction, the acts of bribery of a foreign public official can no longer give rise to prosecution.
However, the future has been taken care of, because as soon as Tracfin passed the first information to the Public Prosecutor's Office, the company cooperated and set up a programme to actively fight corruption ("compliance programme"). The CJIP extends this by a compliance programme supervised by the French Anticorruption Agency.
One month after the CJIP, the Mongolian government and the company, in the presence of the French government, announced on 17 January 2025 the signing of a contract to operate a uranium mine, the same industrial coopération that had given rise to these reprehensible acts. The CJIP made it possible to move forward in time.
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🔓read the developments below⤵️
Jan. 23, 2025
Interviews
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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, « La compliance est avant tout une affaire humaine» (Compliance is first and foremost a human issue), interview conducted by Olivia Dufour for Actu-juridique, Lextenso, 23 January 2025.
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► read the interview: 💬in French)
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🏛️🏛️🏛️🏛️this interview was organised following a number of official opening hearings of Parisian courts, in particular that of the Paris Judicial Court on 21 January 2025, at which the presidents of these courts explained the role now played by systemic litigation and compliance and/or vigilance law, in particular in the internal organisation of their courts.
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► presentation of this interview:
Q. (translated): At the start of the new session of the official opening hearings of Paris Court of First Instance on 21 January, President Stéphane Noël spoke at length about the creation of a 34th chamber dedicated to handling cases relating to companies' obligation of vigilance. What are the advantages of this new specialisation?
MAFR Answer Summary: It corresponds to the jurisdiction given to the Paris Court of First Instance by the French 2020 so-called Confidence Act, which extends the French 2017 so-called Vigilance Act. It reflects the importance of Compliance Law, of which Vigilance is the leading edge.
Q. (translated): The court president points out that this new litigation raises questions about the role of the courts, which is to "concilier le respect des buts fondamentaux pour la protection de l’humanité avec la possibilité pour les entreprises d’apprécier la maitrise des risques et leur éventuelle responsabilité" ("reconcile respect for the monumental goals of protecting humanity with the ability of companies to assess the control of risks and their potential liability"). What do you think?
MAFR Answer Summary: the role of the judge has been renewed, as they take charge of the future of the systems and participates in the achievement of the Monumental Goals of Compliance Law. Companies are subject by law to a new compliance obligation and must demonstrate their diligence. They may be held liable under the general ordinary legal regime, as set out in the French 2017 Act on Vigilance duty, if the claimant demonstrates the existence of fault or negligence, damage and a causal link between the 2.
Q. (translated): All this comes under the heading of compliance, a concept you've been working on for 10 years and which is still not fully understood and is too often confused with conformity....
MAFR Answer Summary: The 2 aforementioned concepts ("conformity" and "compliance") were identified in the article I published in 2016 entitled Le droit de la compliance"Compliance law". This notion has taken a long time to mature because, on the one hand, it is a radically new branch of law that has an impact on the other branches. On the other hand, indeed, there is confusion between 'compliance' and 'conformity'. Conformity is the obedience to applicable regulations; compliance is the active participation in the achievement of monumental goals to preserve or save systems in which humans are involved. Conformity is, and is only, a tool of Compliance Law.
Q. (translated): The Nanterre Court has just created a chamber for Emerging Systemic and Regulatory Litigation. Does this confirm the interest of the courts in this fundamental development?
MAFR Answer Summary: This statement by the President of the Nanterre Court of Appeal at his hearing on 20 January 2025 illustrates the Regulation - Compliance - Vigilance continuum. He involves training for judges and dialogue between judges. Training and dialogue are being put in place.
Q. (translated): Y a-t-il d’autres initiatives en ce sens ?
MAFR Answer Summary:Le président du Tribunal de commerce Paris à son audience du 15 janvier 2025 a annoncé la création d'une chambre des contentieux complexe. Les contentieux systémiques émergents, que le Droit de la Compliance peut engendrer, ont vocation à y être présentés. Là aussi, formation et dialogue se mettent en place.
Q. (translated): Que manque-t-il encore ?
MAFR Answer Summary: puisque le Droit de la compliance se contractualise de plus en plus, notamment dans les chaines de valeur concernées par les techniques de vigilance, l'arbitrage international est concerné. Des arbitres internationaux intégrant le droit de la compliance, et pas seulement attaché à telle et telle réglementation sectorielle, sont un enjeu d'attractivité de la Place de Paris. Cela va émerger, notamment par le dynamisme de la Cour internationale d'arbitrage, dont le siège est à Paris.
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Jan. 18, 2025
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► Référence complète : M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Statut et rôle de la "trajectoire" dans le Droit de la Régulation et de la Compliance", in série de vidéos Surplomb, 18 janvier 2025
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la série de vidéos dédiée à la Régulation, la Compliance et la Vigilance
Jan. 18, 2025
Publications
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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, Status and Role of the 'trajectory' in Regulatory and Compliance Law, Working Paper, January 2025.
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🎤 This Working Paper was developed as a basis for the Overhang👁 video on 18 January 2024 : click HERE (in French)
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🎬🎬🎬In the collection of the Overhangs👁 It falls into the Notions category.
►Watch the complete collection of the Overhangs👁 : click HERE
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► Summary of this Working Paper: The notion of Trajectory is a key concept in Compliance Law. This is shown in 4 steps.
- 1. the decisive use of the trajectory in the 3 Grande-Synthe decisions of the French Conseil d'Etat,
- 2. defining the trajectory,
- 3. the application of the trajectory in various sectoral Compliances and Compliance tools,
- 4. the probationary dimension of the trajectory and the consequences for subjected entities
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🔓read the developments below⤵️
Jan. 15, 2025
Thesaurus : 02. Cour de cassation
► Référence complète : Com., 15 janvier 2025, n° 23-14.625, Société Générale c/société Dstorage.
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🚧lire le document de travail qui en fait l'analyse
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Jan. 11, 2025
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► Référence complète : M.-A. Frison-Roche, " Le puzzle du Droit institutionnel de la Compliance et du Droit substantiel de la Compliance : exemple des règlements et la directive du 31 mai 2024 sur l'AMLA et les obligations de compliance des entreprises ", in série de vidéos Surplomb, 11 janvier 2025
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► Résumé de ce Surplomb : Le Droit de la Compliance se construit sur 2 jambes, les institutions d'une part, les règles substantielles d'autre part. Aux Etats-Unis comme en Europe. Ainsi le 31 mai 2024 furent adoptés en même temps un Règlement institutionnel pour créer l'Autorité européenne de lutte contre le blanchiment d'argent (AMLA) et un Règlement substantiel modifiant les obligations de compliance des entreprises assujetties pour contribuer à cette lutte. En effet, il faut penser et connaître ensemble institutionnel, procédural (voire procès) et règles substantielles de compliance (gouvernance, contrôle, gouvernance).
N'en connaître qu'un de ces deux aspects, c'est en pratique moins bien manier les techniques de Compliance. Articuler les 2 c'est mieux les maîtriser et les comprendre puisque règles institutionnelles et substantielles se déduisent toutes d'un même "But Monumental" : ici éliminer le blanchiment d'argent des systèmes financier, économique et sociaux. But monumental, mais but simple, qui rend la Compliance facile à comprendre et à manier.
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la série de vidéos dédiée à la Régulation, la Compliance et la Vigilance
Jan. 11, 2025
Publications
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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, The puzzle of Institutional Compliance Law and Substantive Compliance Law: the example of the European Regulations of 31 May 2024 on AMLA and enterprises compliance obligations, Working Paper, January 2025.
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🎤 This Working Paper was developed as a basis for the Overhang👁 video on 11 January 2024 :
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🎬🎬🎬In the collection of the Overhangs👁 It falls into the News category.
►Watch the complete collection of the Overhangs👁 : click HERE
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► Summary of this Working Paper: Compliance Law is built on 2 legs, Institutions on the one hand and substantive rules on the other. For example in the United States, the 1934 Act established at the same time the prohibition and prevention of financial market abuse and the SEC. In Europe, in 2013, the Banking Union established institutions to build this Union and increased the obligations on banks.
This is perfectly illustrated by the 2 European Regulations of 31 May 2024, one creating the AMLA and the other reinforcing the compliance obligations of crucial economic operators, one text referring to the other.
Indeed, Institutional Compliance Law and Substantive Compliance Law are like 2 articulated legs. You have to know both and make them work together.
This is part of the "European puzzle", a positive expression which implies that, when assessing and interpreting a text, we should always bear in mind that it is only one element of a general picture, which is coloured by its Monumental Goal: in this case to obtain a European area where money laundering is efficiently prevented thanks to the action of the companies themselves under the supervision and support of a Supervisory Authority which coordinates the actions of the States.
If we consider only one element, we find everything 'complicated', whereas the overall picture is simple, because the Goal is simple and in Compliance Law, a branch of Teleological Law, everything is in the Monumental Goal.
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🔓read the developments below ⤵️
Jan. 9, 2025
Thesaurus : 05. CJCE - CJUE
► Référence complète : CJUE, Première chambre, 9 janvier 2025, aff. C‑394/23, Mousse c/ CNIL et SNCF Connect
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Jan. 8, 2025
Publications
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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, Identifying and anticipating the practice of Emerging Systemic Litigation: a necessity for organizing it , Working Paper, December 2024.
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🎤This working paper was drawn up to serve as the basis for the speech that opened the colloquium L’expérience des juridictions dans le Contentieux Systémique Émergent, in the cycle of conferences-debates "Contentieux Systémique Émergent," which was held in French on 16 December 2024 at the Paris Court of Appeal.
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📝It will also constitute the basis of the first contribution to the book to be published in French in 2025, Le contentieux systémique émergent (Emerging Systemic Litigation).
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► Summary of this Working Paper : Systemic Litigation is for the moment a practice that has not been clearly identified. This is a handicap in practice, firstly because it can be confused with other things, such as the "systemic method" that this category of Litigation calls for and to which it cannot be reduced and which this method exceeds, and secondly because if this practice is not conceptualised, secondly, because if this practice is not conceptualised, even if only by a shared definition, it is difficult for the courts to organise themselves and for the potential parties to the dispute and to the proceedings to anticipate the procedural and substantive solutions that will be adopted tomorrow. The difficulty is compounded by the fact that not all emerging disputes are Systemic and not all systemic disputes are emerging. For example, banking regulation litigation and litigation concerning the operation of competitive markets or sectoral regulation are systemic disputes that are not emerging. But it so happens that technological developments have given rise to new systemic litigation, which the courts, judges and parties have had to adapt to because the systems themselves are entering the courthouses.
A series of conferences has been organised to report on this practice, focusing on technology, legislation, management, court organisation, procedure and the role of the judge.
They have thus made it possible to build up common, cross-disciplinary knowledge so that innovations can be developed and expressed in the organisation of the courts, in procedures, particularly in the relationship between judges and lawyers, and in the openness of proceedings, in the conception of the judge's office, which must be singular when the case, because a systemic is implied, is systemic. This specificity leads to judges who are less hierarchical among themselves and more specialised, leading to procedural forms that place dialogue and adversarial proceedings no longer as a desire and support but as the primary guiding principle.
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🔓read the developments of this Working Paper below⤵️
Jan. 2, 2025
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► Référence complète : M.-A. Frison-Roche, "La poursuite de l’institutionnalisation de l’Europe de la Compliance : création par le règlement du 31 mai 2024 de l’Autorité européenne de lutte contre le blanchiment d’argent et le financement du terrorisme (AMLA)", in série de vidéos Surplomb, 2 janvier 2025
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Surplomb, par mafr
la série de vidéos dédiée à la Régulation, la Compliance et la Vigilance
Updated: Dec. 31, 2024 (Initial publication: Jan. 1, 2024)
Organization of scientific events
► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, Coordination of the cycle of conference-debates Contentieux Systémique Émergent (Emerging Systemic Litigation), organised on the initiative of the Cour d'appel de Paris (Paris Cour of Appeal), with the Cour de cassation (French Court of cassation), the Cour d'appel de Versailles (Versailles Court of Appeal), the École nationale de la magistrature - ENM (French National School for the Judiciary) and the École de formation des barreaux du ressort de la Cour d'appel de Paris - EFB (Paris Bar School), under the scientific direction of Marie-Anne Frison-Roche
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► This Cycle in few words: Duty of vigilance, supervision of platforms, non-financial information (CSRD), etc.: as many new texts that bring new types of disputes before the courts.
Despite their diversity, the cases brought before the most diverse judges present a unity: through the dispute that pits the parties against each other, it is a system that is at stake, for example the climate system, digital system, energy system, financial system, etc.
New regulations are just the illustration of this "Emerging Systemic Litigation"; the conference-debates aiming at showing the new fields, new techniques, new standards, etc., in relation to the scale and diversity of stakeholders' expectations. This cycle is designed to encourage cross-fertilisation, so as to provide judges with food for thought ahead of the litigation they will be called upon to deal with.
Les réglementations nouvelles ne sont que l’illustration de ce « contentieux systémique émergent » dont la formation a pour objet de montrer les nouveaux champs, les nouvelles techniques, les nouvelles normes, etc., en lien avec l’ampleur et la diversité des attentes des parties prenantes. Le cycle vise à favoriser les échanges croisés, afin d’alimenter la réflexion des magistrats en amont des litiges qui leurs seront soumis.
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🔴Registrations and information requests can be sent to: inscriptionscse@gmail.com
🔴For the attorneys, registrations have to be sent to the following address: https://evenium.events/cycle-de-conferences-contentieux-systemique-emergent/
⚠️The conference-debates are held in person only, in the Cour d’appel de Paris (Paris Court of Appeal).
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► General Presentation of the Cycle: In 2024, the Cour d’appel de Paris (Paris Court of Appeal) created a new specialised chamber: chamber 5-12 Contentieux émergent – Devoir de vigilance et responsabilité écologique (Emerging litigation - Duty of vigilance and environmental liability). Vigilance litigation is an example of what is emerging more generally: Systemic Litigation, often linked to technologies. This calls for a new way of judging, organising procedures and relations between professionals. A series of conference-debates on Emerging Systemic Litigation (ESL) is being organised jointly by the Paris Court of Appeal, the Versailles Court of Appeal, the Cour de cassation (French Court of cassation), the École nationale de la magistrature - ENM (French National School for the Judiciary) and the École de formation des barreaux du ressort de la Cour d'appel de Paris - EFB (Paris Bar School), under the scientific responsibility of Professor Marie-Anne Frison-Roche.
In this context, a series of conference-debates involving professionals from a wide range of backgrounds is being proposed on the following themes:
- 🧮the very notion of "Emerging Systemic Litigation" and the role of the judiciary in it (29 March 2024): read the report of this event
- 🧮vigilance, insofar as it gives rise to Systemic Litigation, notably because it takes legal form in numerous contracts, for example in employment relationships (26 April 2024): read the report of this event
- 🧮the inclusion in Emerging Systemic Litigation of information reliability techniques, particularly with regard to content available on platforms (27 May 2024): read the report of this event
- 🧮the way in which artificial intelligence is generating Systemic Litigation and the influence of new specific texts (24 June 2024): read the report of this event
- 🧮sustainability, a principle of systems found in reports and transitively in disputes concerning their development, their standards and even their control (9 September 2024): read the programme of this event
- 🧮new evidentiary techniques required by Emerging Systemic Litigation, to account for systemic needs, e.g. climate and digital systems, and how firms respond to them (14 October 2024): read the programme of this event
- 🧮Vigilance General Procedural Law, in that it incorporates the Systemic dimension of Vigilance Litigation (18 November 2024): read the programme of this event
- 🧮institutional and case law feedback from courts on Emerging Systemic Litigation (16 December 2024): read the programme of this event
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🧮read below the full programme of this cycle of conference-debates⤵️
Dec. 27, 2024
Thesaurus : 03. Conseil d'Etat
► Référence complète : CE, sect. du contentieux, 6ème et 5ème ch. réunies, 27 déc. 2024, n° 498210, Association des avocats pénalistes
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Dec. 20, 2024
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► Référence complète : M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Les contours géographiques de la Compliance", in série de vidéos Surplomb, 20 décembre 2024
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Dec. 18, 2024
Thesaurus : Doctrine
► Référence complète : G. Beaumier & A. Newman, "When Serving the Public Interest Generates Private Gains: Private Actor Governance and Two-Sided Digital Markets, Cambridge Université Press, 2024.
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📝lire l'article : cliquer ICI
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► Résumé de l'article ( fait par les auteurs) : "From speech to privacy, broad public interests are increasingly governed online by policy decisions taken by private companies. We examine when and how firms make such decisions. In contrast to the shadow of hierarchy and functionalist explanations of private authority, we build an analytical framework based on business power and the economics literature concerned with two-sided markets. We argue that companies operating as digital platforms may use private actor governance to consolidate their influence. More precisely, public-interest regulation on one side of the market (e.g., protecting the privacy of end-users) may increase the dependence of firms on the other side of the market (e.g., increasing the price paid for information by advertisers). We probe our argument by looking at the privacy policy implemented by Apple in 2021. Our findings demonstrate the growing role played by digital companies in global regulatory debates and call attention to how market structures can simultaneously incentivize public-interest regulation and become a source of business power.".
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Dec. 16, 2024
Organization of scientific events
► Full Reference: L’expérience des juridictions dans le Contentieux Systémique Émergent (Courts Experience in Emerging Systemic Litigation), in cycle of conference-debates "Contentieux Systémique Émergent" ("Emerging Systemic Litigation"), organised on the initiative of the Cour d'appel de Paris (Paris Cour of Appeal), with the Cour de cassation (French Court of cassation), the Cour d'appel de Versailles (Versailles Court of Appeal), the École nationale de la magistrature - ENM (French National School for the Judiciary) and the École de formation des barreaux du ressort de la Cour d'appel de Paris - EFB (Paris Bar School), under the scientific direction of Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, 16 December 2024, 2pm.-6pm., Cour d'appel de Paris, Première Chambre (First Chamber)
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► Presentation of the conference:
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🧮Programme of this event:
Closing conference-debate of 2024
L'EXPÉRIENCE DES JURIDICTIONS
DANS LE CONTENTIEUX SYSTÉMIQUE ÉMERGENT
(COURTS EXPERIENCE
IN EMERGING SYSTEMIC LITIGATION)
Paris Court of Appeal, First Chamber
🕰️2pm.-2.10pm. Présentation (Introduction), by 🕴️Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, Professor of Regulatory Law and Compliance Law, Director of the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC), Scientific Director of the Cycle of conferences-debates on the Emerging Systemic Litigation - ESL)
I – Comment appréhender le contentieux émergent et/ou systémique ?
(I - How to deal with Emerging and/or Systemic Litigation?)
🕰️2.10pm.-2.30pm. 🎤L’appréhension par la Cour d’appel de Paris du Contentieux Systémique Émergent (The Paris Court of Appeal's approach to Emerging Systemic Litigation), by 🕴️Brigitte Brun-Lallemand, Première présidente de chambre coordinatrice du pôle économique et commercial, Cour d’appel de Paris (First President of Chamber, Coordinator of the Economic and Commercial Division, Paris Court of Appeal)
🕰️2.30pm.-2.50pm. 🎤Le contentieux émergent vu par l’Observatoire des litiges judiciaires (OLJ) de la Cour de cassation, par 🕴️Sandrine Zientara-Logeay, Présidente de chambre, Directrice du service de documentation, des études et du rapport - SDER, Cour de cassation (President of Chamber, Director of the Department of Documentation, Studies and Reports - SDER, French Court of cassation)
🕰️2.50pm.-3.20pm. 🎤Le contentieux systémique Eémergent vu par le Tribunal de l’Union européenne (Emerging Systemic Litigation as seen by the General Court of the European Union), par 🕴️Marc van der Woude, President of the General Court of the European Union
🕰️3.20pm.-4pm. Debate
🕰️4pm.-4.20pm. Break
II – Quelles sont les organisations possibles en matière de contentieux émergent et/ou systémique ?
(II - How to organise with Emerging and/or Systemic Litigation?)
🕰️4.10pm.-5.10pm. 🎤Table ronde (Round Table)
Moderated by 🕴️Marie-Christine Hébert-Pageot, Présidente de la chambre 5-12 contentieux émergent – devoir de vigilance et responsabilité écologique, Cour d‘appel de Paris (President of the 5-12 Chamber emerging litigation - duty of vigilance and ecological liability, Paris Court of Appeal)
Speakers:
- 🕴️Stéphane Noël, Président du Tribunal judiciaire de Paris (President of the Paris First Instance Civil Court)
- 🕴️Patrick Sayer, Président du Tribunal de commerce de Paris (President of the Paris First Instance Commercial Court)
- 🕴️Jean-François Beynel, Premier président de la Cour d’appel de Versailles (First President of the Versailles Court of Appeal) and 🕴️Benjamin Deparis, Président du Tribunal judiciaire de Nanterre (President of the Nanterre First Instance Civil Court)
🕰️5.10pm.-5.40pm. Debate
🕰️5.40pm.-6pm. 🎤Conclusion. Le Contentieux Systémique Émergent : dialogues (Conclusion. Emerging Systemic Litigation: Dialogues), by 🕴️Jacques Boulard, Premier Président de la Cour d’appel de Paris (First President of the Paris Court of Appeal)
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🔴Registrations and information requests can be sent to: inscriptionscse@gmail.com
🔴For the attorneys, registrations have to be sent to the following address: https://evenium.events/cycle-de-conferences-contentieux-systemique-emergent/
⚠️The conference-debates are held in person only, in the Cour d’appel de Paris (Paris Court of Appeal).
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Dec. 16, 2024
Conferences
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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, Identifier et anticiper la pratique du Contentieux Systémique Émergent (Identifying and anticipating the practice of Emerging Systemic Litigation) ; Presentation of L’expérience des juridictions dans le Contentieux Systémique Émergent (Courts Experience in Emerging Systemic Litigation), in cycle of conference-debates "Contentieux Systémique Émergent" ("Emerging Systemic Litigation"), organised on the initiative of the Cour d'appel de Paris (Paris Cour of Appeal), with the Cour de cassation (French Court of cassation), the Cour d'appel de Versailles (Versailles Court of Appeal), the École nationale de la magistrature - ENM (French National School for the Judiciary) and the École de formation des barreaux du ressort de la Cour d'appel de Paris - EFB (Paris Bar School), under the scientific direction of Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, 16 December 2024, 2pm.-6pm., Cour d'appel de Paris, Première Chambre (First Chamber).
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🧮see the full programme of this event
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⚙️This event has been conceived as a part of the cycle of conference-debates "Contentieux Systémique Émergent" ("Emerging Systemic Litigation"), organised on the initiative of the Cour d'appel de Paris (Paris Cour of Appeal), with the Cour de cassation (French Court of cassation), the Cour d'appel de Versailles (Versailles Court of Appeal), the École nationale de la magistrature - ENM (French National School for the Judiciary) and the École de formation des barreaux du ressort de la Cour d'appel de Paris - EFB (Paris Bar School), under the scientific direction of Marie-Anne Frison-Roche
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► English Summary of the conference:
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Dec. 11, 2024
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► Référence complète : M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Les conditions requises pour favoriser la "contractualisation" du droit", in G. Cerqueira & A. Schreiber (dir.), La contractualisation du droit. Approches françaises et brésiliennes, Société de législation comparée (SLC), coll. "Colloques", vol. 61, 2024, pp. 435-448
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🚧lire le document de travail bilingue sur la base duquel cet article a été élaboré, doté de développements supplémentaires, de références techniques et de liens hypertextes
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► Résumé de l'article :
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Dec. 10, 2024
Thesaurus : Doctrine
► Référence complète : Giuliani G. Castellano, " Don’t Call It a Failure: Systemic Risk Governance for Complex Financial Systems", Law & Social Inquiry, vol. 49, n°4, novembre 2024, pp. 2245-2286
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► Résumé de l'article :
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🦉Cet article est accessible en texte intégral pour les personnes inscrites aux enseignements de la Professeure Marie-Anne Frison-Roche
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Dec. 6, 2024
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► Référence complète : M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Régulation et Compliance", in série de vidéos Surplomb, 6 décembre 2024
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Surplomp, par mafr
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Dec. 5, 2024
Thesaurus : Convention, contract, settlement, engagement
► Full Reference: M. Duchâtel & G. Wright, China’s Extraterritoriality: A New Stage of Lawfare, Institut Montaigne, Explainer, December 2024, 72 p.
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📓read the English Summary of the Explainer
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📓read the presentation of this Explainer made on the Institut Montaigne's website
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► English Summary of the Explainer (done by the Authors): "Extraterritoriality - the application of national laws abroad - is gaining traction. In a world characterized by strategic competition and weakened international organizations, many countries are turning to law to secure their interests. This includes China.
Extraterritoriality has expanded under Xi Jinping. China no longer sees it as a relic of "the century of humiliation" during which foreign powers imposed consular jurisdiction on Chinese soil. Today, Chinese extraterritoriality has three aims: to defend against foreign interference and sanctions; to legitimize China’s foreign policy actions and strengthen its global influence; and as a way to deploy its public security agenda abroad.
China is also exploring a more offensive approach to extraterritoriality in the form of economic sanctions – though it has yet to use them. A more offensive use will depend on the willingness of the top leadership to employ such tactics during moments of international tension; a stronger international role for the renminbi and lower overall exposure to the dollar; and the countermeasures that third-countries could take to respond to Chinese extraterritorial norms.
The EU must act. Europeans need to understand the risks associated with Chinese extraterritoriality and plan accordingly. The EU should continue working with like-minded partners and be ready to deny access to the EU single market in case of abuse. Losing access to the single market would be deeply damaging to China’s interests and constitute a powerful deterrent for the EU.
Institut Montaigne’s latest issue paper provides a framework for understanding all dimensions of Chinese extraterritoriality and offers decision-makers and businesses a roadmap for an informed response. Understanding the implications of Chinese extraterritoriality is crucial for governments and businesses, and should be integral to the EU's approach to economic security.".
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Dec. 5, 2024
Thesaurus : Doctrine
► Full Reference: G. Wright & L. Chetcuti, US Extraterritoriality: The Trump Card, Institut Montaigne, Explainer, December 2024, 62 p.
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📓read the English Summary of the Explainer
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📓read the presentation of this Explainer made on the Institut Montaigne's website
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► English Summary of the Explainer (done by the Authors): "Extraterritoriality — the application of national laws abroad — has grown exponentially over the last two decades. In a world characterized by strategic competition and weak international organizations, many countries are turning to law to secure their interests. None more than the United States.
There are good and bad uses of US extraterritoriality. It has become a key tool to uphold international law and to safeguard the US’ interests. It has helped to sanction hostile states and combat corruption, money laundering, organized crime and terrorism. It has helped to reduce excessive risk-taking by companies and has been used to manage US-China systemic rivalry. However, the US has also been accused of using it as a way to assert market dominance.
Could extraterritoriality be the next Trump Card the United States plays? During his first term, President Trump tightened export controls and expanded US laws to combat human rights abuses. At the same time, he rolled back banking regulations and asked his team to review US laws that created unnecessary red tape. Recently, he warned that he would remove any sanctions that weakened the dollar’s dominant position. The extent to which extraterritoriality is used to exert political pressure on EU countries is unclear.
The EU must be better prepared. Companies that fail to comply with US rules risk huge fines, handover of sensitive data and exclusion from the US market. European companies often prefer to comply with US rules, rather than abide by European measures designed to block their application. This poses a direct challenge to the sovereignty of the EU and its member states.
Institut Montaigne’s latest issue paper provides a framework for understanding all dimensions of US extraterritoriality and offers decision-makers and businesses a roadmap for an informed response. Understanding the implications of US extraterritoriality is crucial for governments and businesses, and should be integral to the EU's approach to economic security.".
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Dec. 2, 2024
Thesaurus : Convention, contract, settlement, engagement
► Référence complète : Convention judiciaire d'intérêt public (CJIP) entre le Procureur de la République financier et la société Areva SA et la société Orano Mining SAS, 2 décembre 2024
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🏛️lire l'ordonnance de validation du Président du Tribunal judiciaire de Paris du 9 décembre 2024
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📰lire le communiqué de presse du PNF accompagnant la publication de la CJIP
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Nov. 28, 2024
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► Référence complète : M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Compliance et engagement : le juste milieu de l'arrêt rendu par la Cour d'appel de La Haye le 12 novembre 2024", in série de vidéos Surplomb, 28 novembre 2024
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Nov. 27, 2024
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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Antitrust, natural field of systemic litigation"", Concurrences, November 2024, No. 4, Art. No. 120776.
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📝read the article (in English)
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🚧read the bilingual Working Paper which is the basis of this article, with additional developments, technical references and hyperlinks
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► English Summary of this article: Systemic Litigation is a specific category of Litigation in which beyond the dispute between the parties the interest of a System is involved, in particular its future. Competition Law is a natural and long-standing field for this category, which is now emerging strongly for information, climate and energy systems.
It should be remembered that a market is not self-regulating and cannot continue to function in the long term unless it has the benefit of a judge, a figure who is specific in that he/she is both external to it and yet apprehends its specific interest. In order to satisfy this double requirement, liberal legal organisations often entrust the competition authority with jurisdiction over this Systemic Litigation. Ordinary courts will also hear such cases, either on appeal or in other proceedings, and it cannot be claimed that courts are excluded, the systemic dimension of the dispute being expressed by the presence of the competition authority in the proceedings. This explains the procedural rules that are hard to justify otherwise.
The Authority, the European Commission for example, must be able to develop and express the specific interests of the competition system. This special role of the competition authority in this type of litigation, because it is systemic, has been in place for decades and should serve as a model for Systemic Litigation, which is being developed for other systems whose sustainability is now referred to the courts.
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Nov. 26, 2024
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► Référence complète : M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Compliance, Climat, Dommage, Science et Vérité - Cour d'appel de La Haye, 12 novembre 2024", in série de vidéos Surplomb, 26 novembre 2024
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Surplomp, par mafr
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