Updated: Feb. 2, 2023 (Initial publication: March 31, 2021)

Thesaurus : Doctrine

 Full Reference: J.-B. Racine, "Compliance et Arbitrage. Essai de problématisation" ("Compliance and Arbitration : Problematisation", in M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), La juridictionnalisation de la Compliancecoll. "Régulations & Compliance", Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz, 2023, p. 265-279. 

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📕read a general presentation of the book, La juridictionnalisation de la Compliance, in which this article is published

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 The summary below describes an article that follows an intervention in the scientific manifestation Compliance et Arbitrage, co-organised by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and the University Panthéon-Assas (Paris II). This conference was designed by Marie-Anne Frison-Roche and Jean-Baptiste Racine, scientific co-directors, and took place in Paris II University on March 31, 2021. 

In the book, the article will be published in Title II, devoted to: Compliance et Arbitrage.

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 Summary of the article (done by the author): Under the consideration of the "Compliance Juridictionalisation", it is necessary to study in the links between Compliance and Arbitration. The arbitrator is a judge, he is even the natural judge of international trade. Arbitration is therefore naturally intended to meet compliance which transforms the action of companies in an international context. However, the links between compliance and arbitration are not obvious. It is not a question of providing firm and definitive answers, but rather, and above all, of asking questions. We are at the start of reflection on this topic, which explains why there is, for the time being, little legal literature on the subject of the relationship between Compliance and Arbitration. It doesn't mean there aren't connections.  Quite simply, these relations may not have come to light, or they are in the making. We should research  the existing or potential bridges between two worlds that have long gravitated separately: Compliance on the one hand, Arbitration on the other. The central question is: is or can the arbitrator be a compliance judge, and, if so, how?

In any event, the Arbitrator is thus in contact with matters requiring the methods, tools and logic of Compliance. In addition to the prevention and suppression of corruption, three examples can be given.

  • Arbitration has been facing economic sanctions (notably embargoes) for several years. The link with Compliance is obvious, insofar as texts providing for economic sanctions are often accompanied by compliance mechanisms, as in the United States. The arbitrator is concerned as to the fate he reserves in the treatment of the dispute with the measures of economic sanctions.
  • Competition Law is a branch that came into contact with Arbitration from the end of the 1980s. The arbitrability of this type of dispute is now established and arbitrators apply it regularly. At the same time, Compliance has also entered Competition Law, admittedly more strongly in the United States than in France. The existence, absence or insufficiency of a compliance program aimed at preventing violations of the competition rules are thus circumstances which may assist the arbitrator in the assessment of anti-competitive behavior.
  • Environmental Law is also concerned. There is environmental Compliance, for example with regard to the French law of March 27, 2017 on the duty of vigilance. Companies are thus responsible for participating in the protection of the environment, by internalizing these concerns in their internal and external operations (in their sphere of influence). As soon as an arbitrator is in charge for settling a dispute relating to Environmental Law, the question of the relationship to Compliance, from this angle, naturally arises.

It is therefore the multiple interactions between Compliance and Arbitration, actual or potential, which are thus open.

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June 16, 2022

Thesaurus : Doctrine

► Référence complète : A. Danis-Fatôme, "La responsabilité civile dans la proposition de directive européenne sur le devoir de vigilance", D. 2022, p. 1107-1116.

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► Résumé de l'article (fait par l'auteur) : La proposition de directive européenne sur le devoir de vigilance en matière de durabilité du 23 février 2022 est source d'espoir pour tous ceux qui souhaitent orienter les pratiques des entreprises dont les activités comportent des risques d'atteintes aux droits humains et à l'environnement. En renvoyant au mécanisme de la responsabilité civile, ce texte montre quelles ressources contient cette source d'obligations. La conception qu'en retient le texte européen présente l'intérêt de donner toute sa place à la fonction préventive de la responsabilité civile. La proposition de directive est cependant critiquable à plus d'un égard ce qui mène à plaider pour que plusieurs modifications lui soient apportées.

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Nov. 10, 2021

Thesaurus : Doctrine

Référence complète : Pineda Rios, D., Le Droit de la compliance, un pivot transformateur de l'arbitrage international. L'annulation de sentences arbitrales pour non-respect des droits humains et de l'environnement, mémoire Master, Paris I, 2021. 

Lire le mémoire. 

 

Daniela Andrea Pineda Ríos

May 26, 2021

Thesaurus : 09. Juridictions étrangères

► Référence complète : Rechtbank Den Haag (Tribunal de La Haye), 26 mai 2021, aff. C/09/571932 / HA ZA 19-379, Vereniging Milieudefensie et a. c/ Royal Dutch Shell PLC. 

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🏛️lire le jugement

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🏛️lire la traduction française du jugement

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📝commentaires de la décision :

  • D. 2021, pp. 1968-1970, obs. A.-M. Ilcheva
     
  • EEI, nov. 2021, n° 11, comm. 86, note F.-G. Trébulle
  • JSS, 14 août 2021, n° 59, p. 14, tribune C. Lepage, V. Saintaman et B. Denis
  • Gaz. Pal., 27 juillet 2021, n° 28, p. 24, art. n° 424w6, note M.-P. Maître

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May 17, 2021

Conferences

Référence complète: Frison-Roche, M.-A., La place des entreprises dans la création et l'effectivité du Droit de la Compliance en cas de crise in  (dir.) Les normes publiques et la Compliance en temps de crise : les buts monumentaux à l'épreuve, colloque coorganisé par le Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) et la Faculté de droit de Montpellier, 17 mai 2021.

 

Consulter les slides sur lesquelles s'appuie cette conférence.

Regarder la vidéo de cette conférence. 

 

Lire le programme général de ce colloque

Lire le document de travail sur la base duquel la conférence a été élaborée.

 

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Ce colloque s'insère dans le cycle de colloques 2021 organisé par le Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) et ses partenaires autour des Buts monumentaux de la Compliance.

Les interventions serviront de première base à la réalisation d'un ouvrage dirigé par Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, dont la version française, Les Buts monumentaux de la Compliance,  est co-éditée par le JoRC et Dalloz et dont la version anglaise, Compliance Monumental Goals, est co-éditée par le JoRC et Bruylant. 

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Résumé de la conférence : Il s'agit d'observer la façon dont les entreprises agissent lorsque la crise advient et l'impact produit sur les "Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance". Il apparaît que les entreprises ont aidé, soit sur l'ordre des Autorités publiques, soit de leur propre initiative. Toute "épreuve" étant une "preuve", la leçon à tirer de la preuve sanitaire est à retirer face à la crise environnementale dont nous sommes déjà informés.

La crise montre la place et le rôle des entreprises pour que tout d'abord survive l'effectivité du Droit de la Compliance par le souci maintenu de ses buts, grâce à l'aide requise ou spontanée des entreprises.

Mais plus encore l'on a pu observer des entreprises actives en raison de leur "position" pour des buts qui n'étaient pas les leurs, comme l'environnement. L'on retrouve alors la définition générale du Droit de la Compliance comme l'alliance en Ex Ante entre Autorités publiques et opérateurs privés cruciaux, pour maîtriser le futur. Ce sont les juges qui les assignent à cette alliance, ici et maintenant.  La crise sanitaire en accélère la construction.

 

May 15, 2021

Publications

Full Reference: Frison-Roche, M.-A. Place and Role of Companies in the Creation and Effectiveness of Compliance Law in Crisis, Working Paper, May 2021. 

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This Working Paper has been elaborated as basis for a conference in the colloquium of Mai 17, 2021 (done in French: Normes publiques et Compliance en temps de crise : les buts monumentaux à l'épreuve.

This video is made with English substitutes. 

It is also the basis for an article in the book Compliance Monumental Goals, the English version of which is co-published by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Bruylant.

Summary: This article has a very topic: the place of private Companies, with regard to the chapter's issue: "the ordeal of a crisis". The crisis constitutes a "test", that is to say, it brings evidence. Let us take it as such.

Indeed, during the health crisis, it appears that Companies have helped the Public Authorities to resist the shock, to endure and to get out of the Crisis. They did so by force, but they also took initiatives in this direction. From this too, we must learn lessons for the next crisis that will come. It is possible that this has already started in the form of another global and systemic crisis: the environmental crisis. In view of what we have been able to observe and the evolution of the Law, of the standards adopted by the Authorities but also by the new case law, what can we expect from Companies in the face of this next Crisis, willingly and strength 

 

Lire ci-dessous les développements.

March 26, 2021

Thesaurus : Soft Law

Référence complète : Haut Commissariat au Plan : Electricité : le devoir de lucidité , note du 26 mars 2021.

Lire la note. 

March 24, 2021

Thesaurus : Tribunal constitutionnel allemand (Cour de Karlsruhe)

► Full ReferenceBundesverfassungsgericht (Deutsch Federal Constitutional Court), Order of the First Senate, March 24, 2021 (published on April 29, 2021), Nos. 1 BvR 2656/18, 1 BvR 78/20, 1 BvR 96/20

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🏛️read the decision (in English)

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🏛️read the press release (in English)

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March 21, 2021

Compliance: at the moment

March 19, 2021

Thesaurus : 01. Conseil constitutionnel

► Référence complète : Conseil constitutionnel, 19 mars 2021, décision n° 2021-891 QPC, Association Générations futures et autres

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🏛️lire la décision 

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📧lire le commentaire de cette décision fait par Marie-Anne Frison-Roche dans la Newsletter MAFR. Regulation, Compliance, Law

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March 17, 2021

Conferences

Full reference : Frison-Roche, M.-A., The Potential of Compliance Law (Les potentialités du Droit de la Compliance), conference given to Muriel Fabre-Magnan's students, Paris I, 17th of March 2021.

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This conference has been designed for Paris I's students following a Law cursus, specialized in Law of obligations and especially in Tort Law. 

It therefore aims to show the technical content of Compliance Law and what it can become. 

It has been followed by a debate with students. 

Summary: Compliance Law is a branch of Law in the process of being born. We can be sure of its existence in the French positive Law, through the technical examination of laws called "Sapin 2" (2016) and "Vigilance" (2017). It appears at radically new. It is the reason why it is perceived as an attack, especially from United-States and we rather use legal knowledge to counter it. But if we study the historical reasons of its adoption in the United-States and the "monumental goals", whether they are negative (what should not appear in the future) or positive (what should appear in the future), we can measure that this Law, which is essentially Ex Ante could be the means through which scattered but legitimate public authorities and powerful but illegitimate big firms could ally. Therefore potentially Compliance Law could be the worst, simple tool of obedience (mechanical "conformité") or the best: what through which we could do something face to global problems, like global warming, or what we would accept to look in the face: the care for others. 

Read the slides on which this conference was based (in French)

March 15, 2021

Compliance: at the moment

March 9, 2021

Compliance: at the moment

March 2, 2021

Thesaurus : 08. Juridictions du fond

Full reference: Tribunal administratif de Paris (Paris administrative court), 4th section, 1st Chamber, Oxfam France, Notre Affaire à tous, Fondation pour la Nature et l’Homme et Greenpeace France, 3rd of February 2021, n°1904967, 1904968, 1904972, 1904976/4-1

 

Read the judgment (in French)

Read the press release from Tribunal administratif de Paris (in French)

Dec. 24, 2020

Thesaurus : 02. Lois

Full reference: Loi n° 2020-1672 du 24 décembre 2020 relative au Parquet européen, à la justice environnementale et à la justice pénale spécialisée (Law of 24 December 2020 on the European Public Prosecutor's Office, environmental justice and specialized criminal justice)

Read the law (in French)

Dec. 22, 2020

Thesaurus : Juridictions étrangères diverses

► Full Reference: Supreme Court of Norway, 22 December 2020, People v Artic Oil.

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🏛️Read the judgment (in English, unofficial translation)

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Dec. 8, 2020

Thesaurus : Doctrine

► Référence complète : E. Balate, "Le consommateur", in J.-B. Racine (dir.), Le droit économique au XXIe siècle. Notions et enjeux, LGDJ, coll. "Droit & Économie", 2020, pp. 153-172

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📕consulter une présentation générale de l'ouvrage, Le droit économique au XXIe siècle. Notions et enjeux, dans lequel cet article est publié 

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► Résumé de l'article : 

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🦉Cet article est accessible en texte intégral pour les personnes inscrites aux enseignements de la Professeure Marie-Anne Frison-Roche

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Dec. 8, 2020

Thesaurus : Doctrine

► Référence complète : G. J. Martin, "L'environnement", in J.-B. Racine (dir.), Le droit économique au XXIe siècle. Notions et enjeux, LGDJ, coll. "Droit & Économie", 2020, pp. 319-348

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📕consulter une présentation générale de l'ouvrage, Le droit économique au XXIe siècle. Notions et enjeux, dans lequel cet article est publié 

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► Résumé de l'article : 

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🦉Cet article est accessible en texte intégral pour les personnes inscrites aux enseignements de la Professeure Marie-Anne Frison-Roche

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Nov. 19, 2020

Thesaurus : 03. Conseil d'Etat

► Full Reference: Conseil d'État (French Council of State), 6th and 5th chambers reunited, 19 November 2020, n° 427301, Commune de Grande-Synthe (so-called Grande-Synthe I).

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🏛️read the decision (in French)

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March 27, 2017

Thesaurus : Doctrine

Référence complète : Lequet, P., Loi « devoir de vigilance » : de l'intérêt des normes de management des risques, in Revue juridique de l'environnement, vol.42, n°4, 2017, pp.705-725.

 

Les étudiants de Sciences po, peuvent consulter l'article via le Drive, dossier "MAFR- Régulation & Compliance"

Feb. 11, 2004

Thesaurus : Doctrine

 Full Reference: D. Bazin, "A Reading of the conception of man in Hans Jonas’ works: Between Nature and Responsibility. An Environmental Ethics Approach", Éthique et économique/Ethics and Economics, 2 (2), 2004

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► Summary of the article (done by the Author): "We will study the conception of man in Jonas’ ideology through the lens of nature and of responsibility. He brandishes the specter of disaster (“heuristics of fear”) as a guard against technological excesses. He appeals to a prospective, universal and categorical responsibility to protect nature and to save future generations. Jonas considers responsibility as a method of anticipating the threat to that which is vulnerable, ephemeral, and perishable. Thus, the responsibility that Jonas decrees implies an ethics of conservation. Jonas’ writings aim to procure a new dimension of acting, which necessitates an ethics of foresight and responsibility."

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🦉This article is available in full text to those registered for Professor Marie-Anne Frison-Roche's courses

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