- Theme which has given rise to a large number of works, particularly in comparative law. The article 12 of the Code de procédure civile expresses what is the judge's mission with regards to the situation.
- The positive Law related to the "judge's mistake" is itself very instructive, because it is not possible to reproach to the judge a mistake, except if there is a procedure fault, that is precisely the criterium developed in this study for the definition of impartiality. About this question, see Frison-Roche, M.-A., L'erreur du juge, 2001.
- Frison-Roche, M.-A., L'impartialité du juge, 1999.
- Frison-Roche, M.-A., Le droit à un tribunal impartial, 2012.
- Canivet, G., Economie de la Justice et procès équitable, 2001.
- Canivet, G., Economie de la Justice et procès équitable, 2001.
- Canivet, G., Frison-Roche, M.-A. et Klein, M., Mesurer l'efficacité l'efficacité économique du Droit, 2007.