Chronicles

►Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Droit de la compliance et Contentieux systémique" (Compliance Law and Systemic Litigation), in Chroniques Droit de la Compliance (Compliance Law Chronicles), Recueil Dalloz, 30 October 2025, No. 38, p. 1849 - 🚧read the bilingual Working Paper on which this article is based, with additional developments, technical references and hyperlinks -   ►read the English presentation of the previous chronicles: "Compliance and conformity: Distinguish them in order to articulate them", 2024 "Regulations, Compliance, Contracts, and Judges: places and alliances", 2023 "Contract of compliance, stipulations fo compliance", 2022 "The Adventure of the Compliance", 2020 "Compliance and Legal Personality", 2019 "TLegal Theory of Risk Mapping", 2019 ►read the English presentation of the whole chroniques - ►English summary of this article: Legal systems have changed, and Compliance Law, in its uniqueness, reflects this change and plays a powerful role in it. Through new sets of compliance rules, particularly at European level, in areas such as data protection (GDPR), anti-money laundering (AMLA), climate balance protection (CS3D) and banking and financial system sustainability (Banking Union), techniques (always the same) have been developed and imposed on large companies, which must implement them: alerts, mapping, assessment, sanctions, etc. These new regulatory frameworks only make sense in relation to their ‘Monumental Goals’: to detect systemic risks Ex Ante and prevent crises so that the systems in question do not collapse, but ‘sustain". All the legal instruments in the corpus are normatively rooted in these Monumental Goals, which are the core that unifies Compliance Law (I). Judges are the guardians (II) of this new and highly ambiguous normative framework, which relies on the practical ability of companies to do just that. They ensure that the technical provisions are applied teleologically in each of these compliance blocks, and that the regulatory frameworks are mutually supportive, for it is always the same systemic goal that all compliance regulations serve: to ensure that systems (banking, financial, climate, digital, energy, etc.) do not collapse, that they are sustainable, and that present and future human beings are not crushed by them but, on the contrary, benefit from them. This unity is still little perceived, as regulations pulverize this profound unity of compliance law in the myriad of changing provisions. Entrusting the "regulatory mass" to algorithms increases this pulverization, making the whole increasingly incomprehensible and therefore impossible to handle.  Acknowledging the judge's rightful place, i.e. at the heart of the matter, will enable us to master this new branch of law. But it's not the judge's job alone to restore clarity to a whole covered in the dust of his own technicality. The systemic object of Compliance Law is transferred to Litigation. Indeed, the Litigation that emerges from the new Compliance Law is also fundamentally new, by transitivity. Indeed, the aim of Compliance Law is to make systems sustainable (or sustainable, or resilient, the vocabulary varies). The result is litigation which is itself "systemic litigation" (III), most often initiated by an organization against a systemic operator. The place and role of each are transformed (IV).   -

► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Compliance et conformité : les distinguer pour les articuler" ("Compliance and conformity: distinguish them in order to articulate them"), D. 2024, chron., pp. 497-499 - 📝read the article (in French) - 🚧read the bilingual Working Paper which is the basis of this article, with additional developments, technical references and hyperlinks - ► English Summary of the article: "Compliance" and "conformité" ("conformity") are sometimes presented as synonyms, with "conformité" simply being the translation of "compliance". On the contrary, they are two opposing concepts. "Conformity" refers to the obligation to obey all applicable regulations, regardless of their content. A godsend for the regulator… Compliance Law is quite different! Political and public authorities set systemic 'Monumental Goals' to ensure that systems do not collapse tomorrow, or even improve, and then entrust large companies with the task of activating the means to achieve these goals. Conformity then resumes its place in Compliance Law: being one of its tools. - 📚read the other articles published in this chronique of Compliance Law published in the Recueil Dalloz   - 🌐follow Marie-Anne Frison-Roche on LinkedIn 🌐follow Marie-Anne Frison-Roche on Instagram 🌐subscribe to the Newsletter MAFR Regulation, Compliance, Law

🌐 follow Marie-Anne Frison-Roche on LinkedIn 🌐 subscribe to the Newsletter MAFR Regulation, Compliance, Law - ► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, "La loi, la compliance, le contrat et le juge : places et alliances" ("Regulations, Compliance, Contracts, and Judges: places and alliances"), Chronique of Compliance Law, D. 2023, pp. 906-908. - 📝read the article (in French) - ► English summary of this article: Compliance Law brings together the forces of regulations, contracts, and judges' decisions to achieve monumental goals so that in the future human beings will not be crushed by systems but will instead benefit from them. In this teleological and systemic branch of Law, legislators, regulators, companies, stakeholders, and judges must find their place. This can lead to bonds of obedience, a vision of 'conformity'. But conformity is only a tool of compliance, whose vigilance is the advanced point of this new branch of Law in which the alliance makes it possible to find solutions, the contract being then a usual mode of elaborating means under the control of the judge. - 🚧read the bilingual Working Paper which is the basis of this article, with additional developments, technical references and hyperlinks - 📚read the other articles published in this chronique of Compliance Law published in the Recueil Dalloz -

► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Contrat de compliance, clauses de compliance", Chronique of Compliance Law, D. 2022, pp. 2115-2117. - 📝reac the article (this article is written in French) - ► English summary of the article: Compliance Law is often seen only as an obligation to comply with regulations. Contract Law is masked by the study of texts and sanctions. Civil liability cases are beginning to highlight the commitments of companies, acts of will. It remains to discern the importance of contracts. First, there is a specific contract: the "compliance contract". Its purpose is to provide a third party with a service, the means for the company to "comply" with the legal systems requirements ("contract of conformity"), and/or to enable the company to achieve the monumental goals that characterize Compliance Law (contract of compliance). The interpretation and the regime of these compliance contracts must be marked by the Compliance Law that permeates it. Secondly, there are a multitude of stipulations aimed at conformity and Compliance. - 🚧read the working paper written in English: Compliance contract, Compliance stipulations - 📚read the other articles published in this chronique of Compliance Law published in the Recueil Dalloz. - 🌐 follow Marie-Anne Frison-Roche sur LinkedIn 🌐follow Marie-Anne Frison-Roche on Instagram 🌐subscribe  to the Newsletter MAFR Regulation, Compliance, Law 

🌐 follow Marie-Anne Frison-Roche on LinkedIn 🌐 subscribe to the Newsletter MAFR Regulation, Compliance, Law  - ► Full Reference: FM.-A. Frison-Roche, La responsabilité ex ante, pilier du droit de la compliance ("Ex-Ante Responsibility, Compliance Law Pillar"), D. 2022, chronique MAFR – Droit de la Compliance, Recueil Dalloz, March 31, 2022. - ► Article English Summary: The Law must help to face the future, which can be totally catastrophic in terms of climate and digital issues. Courts are s best placed for this, without “governing”, only relying on the commitments made by companies, governments, and legislators.  On the ordinary Tort Law, court decisions oblige these different entities to be consistent in the commitments they have made, obliging them to act in the future, formal “compliance” with the regulations cannot be sufficient. This ex-ante responsibility, founding the powers, thus constitutes a pillar of a substantial Compliance Law, showing the part that CSR and the companies with a raison d'être play in it. -   📝 read the article. (written in French) - 📚go to the presentation of the other articles published in this Chronique Droit de la Compliance made in the Recueil Dalloz.  -

Full Reference: Frison-Roche, M.-A., L'aventure du Droit de la Compliance ("The Adventure of Compliance Law"), Chronique de Droit de la Compliance ("Chronicles MAFR – Compliance Law"), Recueil Dalloz, September 24, 2020. Read the Chronicle (in French) This Chronicle of Compliance Law is based on a bilingual working document with additional developments, technical references and hypertext links. Read the Working Paper (written in English).   - Chronicle Summary: Compliance Law is an "adventure" in that it is a new branch of Law, anchored in Regulatory Law, which has freed itself from it while retaining the major principles to which it gives a new breath. In the same way that I entered Sciences Po in 2000 to create a Master de Droit économique centered around Regulation Law, this new branch of Law, a Forum de la Régulation and a Chaire Régulation, now "20 ans après" and as in any adventure, the objective is to give solid, coherent and substantial bases to this Compliance Law which is practiced intensely without being fully conceived. Compliance should not be reduced to a procedure of effectiveness and efficiency of other rules, such as Competition Law or Criminal Law, a sort of enforcement process going from the Ex Post to the Ex Ante, because that would be both too little (simply processes) and too much (the power of Compliance Law in the service of all rules, the violence of Compliance being able to serve in very violent Substantial Law itself, which one can observe in some legal systems). It is necessary to anchor all this new branch of Law in goals, this Law being teleological in nature as is the Law of Regulation. These goals are "monumental", by which the public authorities express still, and more now than in the past, "pretensions", such as the protection of the environment or of people even if they are distant from the territory on which they have traditionally taken. All these "monumental goals" converge towards a goal that encompasses them all: the protection of the person, which justifies the unusual power of legal Compliance mechanisms and the new relationship between States and "crucial operators". In this, Europe is exemplary of what could be this new branch of Law of which it bears the model.   -  

► Full Reference : M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Théorie juridique de la cartographie des risques, centre du Droit de la Compliance (Legal Theory of Risk Mapping, center of Compliance Law)", D. 2019, chronique Compliance, p.  - ► English Summary of this article : The act of mapping risks is not currently defined by Law. It is only described in special laws. While risks mapping is central to preventing in Ex Ante the occurrence of crises or behaviors from which the occurrence is excluded, no legal regime is available, due to the lack of a legal definition available. This legal definition is proposed here in 5 stages, starting from special laws and specific cases to go towards a general conception. Risk mapping then appears as a concern for others taken care of willingly or by force by crucial operators, through a new subjective right: the “right to be alarmed”, the map being the structural counterpart of the character of the whistleblower. Two articulated systems of Compliance Law. - Read the article, published in French.   Read its translation in English.    Read the English Working Paper  on which this article is based, working paper with additional developpments, technical references and hypertext links.    -

► Full Reference : Frison-Roche, M.-A., Compliance et personnalité, in Recueil Dalloz, n°11/7812, avril 2019, pp. 604-606 -   ► Chronique English Summary: Compliance is often presented as a set of mechanical procedures, in which human beings are absent. It's the opposite. It is an Information Law, in its function of preventing systemic risks and a markets protection Law, which poses the requirement of knowing “truly” the person who is “relevant”, generalizing what Company or Competition Law had partially admitted. Even more, beyond systems, Compliance Law, insofar as it is a Protection Law, aims to protect human beings, directly or indirectly concerned, establishing them as legal persons, true final subjects of law of this new branch of Law. - 📝read the chronique (in French). - 🚧  read the bilingual Working paper, Compliance and Personality, basis of this chronique,    working paper including footnotes, technical references and hyperlink - 📖 read the other chroniques Chronique MAFR Droit de la Compliance -

Full reference : Frison-Roche, M.-A., Le Droit de la Compliance au-delà du Droit de la Régulation, Recueil Dalloz, 2018, chronique, pp. 1561-1563.   Summary : A movement started from precise legal requirements linked to identified actors, as the financial or banking sector, to transform itself in legal norms of Compliance. Compliance Law is thus the extension of Regulation Law. But Compliance Law is taking its full autonomy with regards with Regulation Law, while retaining its violence, its radicalisé, and even its archaism, even though it concerns companies which do not act on regulated sectors, putting down, for instance, notions linked to territoriality (I). How companies should react face to this unequaled news (II)?  Read the article (in French) Read the table of contents of the Review (in French). This document is based on a working paper with footnotes, technical references and hypertext links.   

► Full reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Le Droit de la compliance" ("Compliance Law"), D.2016, Chron., pp. 1871-1874. - ► English Summary of the article: Constraints weighing on companies in terms of Compliance multiply and get heavier. But the notion is contradictory, uncertain, "strange", the expression of "conformity" being only a transposition in French.  Compliance appears today as the world internalisation of a public regulation, often conceived in the United-States, in firms, transformed in effectivity agents of global monumental goals: competition equity, fight against terrorism or States deemed unworthy (embargos).  Rather than borrowing scattered solutions, it is essential to build a "Compliance Law", properly European, to which everyone will be accountable.This new branch of Law is built teleologically on its Monumental Goals. It is driven by crucial businesses. The Judge is at its centre.   - 📝read the article (in French) -   🚧Read the bilingual Working Paper on the basis of which the article was written.