Compliance Law

Articles in The Journal of Regulation & Compliance « JoRC »

MAISTRE, Roch-Olivier🕴️

📝Quels buts fondamentaux pour le régulateur dans un paysage audiovisuel et numérique en pleine mutation ?, in M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), 📕Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance

► Full Reference: R.-O. Maistre, "Quels buts fondamentaux pour le régulateur dans un paysage audiovisuel et numérique en pleine mutation ?" ("What Monumental Goals for the regulator in a rapidly changing audiovisual and digital landscape?"), ​in M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, coll. "Régulations & Compliance", Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz, 2022, pp. 47-54. - 📕read a general presentation of the book, Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, in which this article is published - 🎥 read the presentation of the interview between Marie-Anne Frison-Roche et Roch-Olivier Maistre on the basis of this article  - ► Summary of the article (done by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance): In France, since the law of 1982 which put an end to the State monopoly on the audio-visual area, the landscape has profoundly evolved and diversified. In view of the multitude of players who are now established there, the Autorité de régulation de la communication audiovisuelle et numérique – Arcom (French Audiovisual and Digital Regulatory High Council) must ensure the economic balance of the sector and the respect for pluralism, in the interest of all audiences. The growing societal responsibilities of audiovisual media and new digital players have multiplied the "monumental goals" on which the Arcom) is watching. Its competences have gradually been extended to the digital space and the successive laws concerning its missions aim at new objectives, in particular in terms of protection of minors, fight against online hate or against disinformation. The emergence of a new European model of Regulation makes it possible to give substance to these additional goals, the Regulator adopting a systemic perspective and calling on soft law tools to fulfill its new missions. -

Articles in The Journal of Regulation & Compliance « JoRC »

POTTIER, Stanislas🕴️

📝Pour une compliance européenne, vecteur d’affirmation économique et politique, in 🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), 📕Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance

► Full Reference: S. Pottier, "Pour une compliance européenne, vecteur d’affirmation économique et politique" ("For European compliance, a vector of economic and political affirmation"), in M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, coll. "Régulations & Compliance", Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz, 2022, pp. 475-482. - 📕read a general presentation of the book, Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, in which this article is published - ► Summary of the article (donne by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance): Today's monumental goals, particularly environmental and climatic ones, are of a financial magnitude that we had not imagined but the essential stake is rather in the way of using these funds, that is to determine the rules which, to be effective and fair, should be global. The challenge is therefore to design these rules and organize the necessary alliance between States and companies. It is no longer disputed today that the concern for these monumental goals and the concern for profitability of investments go hand in hand, the most conservative financiers admitting, moreover, that concern for others and for the future must be taken into account, the ESG rating and the "green bonds" expressing it. Companies are increasingly made more responsible, in particular by the reputational pressure exerted by the request made to actively participate in the achievement of these goals, this insertion in the very heart of the management of the company showing the link between compliance and the trust of which companies need, CSR also being based on this relationship, the whole placing the company upstream, to prevent criticism, even if they are unjustified. All governance is therefore impacted by compliance requirements, in particular transparency. Despite the global nature of the topic and the techniques, Europe has a great specificity, where its sovereignty is at stake and which Europe must defend and develop, as a tool for risk management and the development of its industry. Less mechanical than the tick the box, Europe makes the spirit of Compliance prevail, where the competitiveness of companies is deployed in a link with States to achieve substantial goals. For this, it is imperative to strengthen the European conception of compliance standards and to use the model. The European model of compliance arouses a lot of interest. The duty of vigilance is a very good example. It is of primary interest to explain it, develop it and promote it beyond Europe. -

Articles in The Journal of Regulation & Compliance « JoRC »

BOURSIER, Marie-Emma🕴️

📝Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance : mode d’expression des États, in 🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), 📕Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance

► Full Reference: M.-E. Boursier, "Les buts monumentaux de la compliance : mode d'expression des États" ("Compliance Monumental Goals: States' mode of expression"), in M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, coll. "Régulations & Compliance", Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz, 2022, pp. 467-474. - 📕read a general presentation of the book, Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, in which this article is published - ► Summary of the article (done by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance): "Monumental goals" are the raison d'être of Compliance and give it meaning: they are enriched with a political objective making it rise to the status of true legal norms. Compliance Law emerged from the confrontation of States with globalisation, leading to an eviction of traditional legal notions. The monumental goals are the expression of public policies that can be deployed in such a context, thanks to the articulation that Compliance builds with private stakeholders, who spontaneous or constrained contribute. Through this new Law, States regain their agility face to markets. Indeed, these monumental goals justify this new responsibility weighing on the companies and the new powers that the States express beyond their traditional borders. -

Articles in The Journal of Regulation & Compliance « JoRC »

HUGLO, Christian🕴️

📝À quelles conditions le Droit climatique pourrait-il constituer un But Monumental prioritaire ?, in 🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), 📕Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance

► Full Reference: Ch. Huglo, "À quelles conditions le droit climatique pourrait-il constituer un but monumental prioritaire ?" ("Under what conditions could Climate Law constitute a priority Monumental Goal?"), in M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, coll. "Régulations & Compliance", Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz, 2022, pp. 169-174. - 📕read a general presentation of the book, Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, in which this article is published - ► Summary of the article (done by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance): The author considers that the service that Compliance renders to Society can indeed be considered as "Monumental" and, confronting Compliance with the issue of Climate, considers that Climate Law must become not only a "Monumental Goal", but also be the first. He underlines the deep obstacles to even pose this idea, obstacles of two orders, the first being the fact that Law has rather focused on past pollution, while the stake is also the measurement of the future impact and the prevention.  The second is that the many texts and declarations have no direct binding force. It is therefore the courts which today, because of their independence and the place that Science takes in the adversarial debate that takes place before them, Civil Society bringing them the question of the Climate to which they are obliged de jure  to answer , take the decisions on the basis of which the "climate justice" is built.  In this, Climate Law invested by Courts joins Compliance Law in the objectives pursued, putting knowledge, prevention and action to preserve what climate issue puts at stake today: Human Dignity. -

Articles in The Journal of Regulation & Compliance « JoRC »

DEFFAINS, Bruno🕴️

📝L’enjeu économique de compétitivité internationale de la compliance, in 🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), 📕Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance

► Full Reference: B. Deffains, "L’enjeu économique de compétitivité internationale de la compliance" ("The economic challenge of international competitiveness of Compliance"), in M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, coll. "Régulations & Compliance", Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz, 2022, pp. 355-366. - 📕read a general presentation of the book, Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, in which this article is published - ► Summary of the article (done by the Author, translated by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance) :  "Compliance", which can be define as obedience to the regulations is a stake for the company in that it can choose as a strategy to do it or not to do it, according to what costs it and brings it such a choice. This same choice of understanding is offered to the author of the norm, the Legislator or the Judge, even the entire legal system making regulation more or less expensive, and compliance with it for businesses. So when the French law known as “Vigilance law” was adopted in 2017, the French Parliament was criticized for dealing a blow to the “international competitiveness” of French companies. ”Today, it is on its model that the  European Directive is conceived. The extraterritoriality attached to Compliance Law, often presented as an economic aggression, is nevertheless a consubstantial effect, with its desire to claim to protect beyond borders. , coming us back to a classic question in Economics: what is the price of virtue? To fuel a debate that began a few centuries ago, it is on the side of the issues that the analysis must be made economically. Indeed, Compliance Law is not only located in Ex Ante, to prevent, detect, remedy, reorganize the future, but also claims to face more "monumental" difficulties than traditional branches of Law. And it is concretely by examining the new instruments that Compliance Law has put in place and offered or imposed on companies that the question of international competitiveness must be examined. The mechanisms of information, secrecy, accountability or responsibility, which have a great effect on the international competitiveness of companies and systems, have changed and their measure has not yet been taken. -

Articles in The Journal of Regulation & Compliance « JoRC »

SEGONDS, Marc🕴️

📝Compliance, proportionnalité et sanction, in 🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), 📕Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance

► Référence complète : M. Segonds, "Compliance, proportionnalité et sanction" ("Compliance, proportionality and sanction"), in M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, coll. "Régulations & Compliance", Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz, 2022, pp. 231-244. - 📕read a general presentation of the book, Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, in which this article is published - ► Summary of the article (done by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance): Before devoting the developments of his article to the sole perspective of sanctions imposed under "Anti-corruption Compliance", the author recalls in a more general way that, as is the sanction, Compliance is in essence proportional: Proportionality is inherent to Compliance as it conditions any sanction, including a sanction imposed under Compliance. This link between Proportionality and Compliance has been underlined by the French Anti-Corruption Agency (Agence française anticorruption – AFA) with regard to risk mapping, which must measure risks to arrive at effective and proportional measures. This same spirit of proportionality animates the recommendations of the AFA which are intended to apply according to the size of the company and its concrete organisation. It governs sanctions even more, in that punitive sanctions refer on one hand to Criminal Law, centered on the requirement of proportionality. Punitive sanctions It governs sanctions even more, in that punitive sanctions refer on the other hand to the disciplinary power of the manager who, from other sources of law, must integrate the legal requirement of proportionality when he/she applies external and internal compliance norms. -

Articles in The Journal of Regulation & Compliance « JoRC »

📝Les Buts Monumentaux, cœur battant du Droit de la Compliance, in 🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (dir.), 📕Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance

🌐follow Marie-Anne Frison-Roche on LinkedIn 🌐subscribe to the Newsletter MAFR Regulation, Compliance, Law  - ► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Les Buts Monumentaux, cœur battant du Droit de la Compliance" ("Monumental Goals, beating heart of Compliance Law"), in M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, coll. "Régulations & Compliance", Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz, 2022, pp. 21-44. - 📝read the article (in French) - 🚧read the bilingual Working Paper which is the basis of this article, with additional developments, technical references and hyperlinks - 📕read a general presentation of the book, Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, in which this article is published -     ► Summary of the article:  Compliance Law can be defined as the set of processes requiring companies to show that they comply with all the regulations that apply to them. It is also possible to  define this branch of Law by a normative heart: the "Monumental Goals". These explain the technical new legal solutions, thus made them clearer, accessible and anticipable. This definition is also based on a bet, that of caring for others that human beings can have in common, a universality.  Through the Monumental Goals, appears a definition of Compliance Law that is new, original, and specific. This new term "Compliance", even in non-English vocabulary, in fact designates a new ambition: that a systemic catastrophe shall not be repeated in the future. This Monumental Goal was designed by History, which gives it a different dimension in the United States and in Europe. But the heart is common in the West, because it is always about detecting and preventing what could produce a future systemic catastrophe, which falls under "negative monumental goals", even to act so that the future is positively different ("positive monumental goals"), the whole being articulated in the notion of "concern for others", the Monumental Goals thus unifying Compliance Law. In this, they reveal and reinforce the always systemic nature of Compliance Law, as management of systemic risks and extension of Regulation Law, outside of any sector, which makes solutions available for non-sector spaces, in particular digital space. Because wanting to prevent the future (preventing evil from happening; making good happen) is by nature political, Compliance Law by nature concretizes ambitions of a political nature, in particular in its positive monumental goals, notably effective equality between human beings, including geographically distant or future human beings. The practical consequences of this definition of Compliance Law by Monumental Goals are immense. A contrario, this makes it possible to avoid the excesses of a "conformity law" aimed at the effectiveness of all applicable regulations, a very dangerous perspective. This makes it possible to select effective Compliance Tools with regard to these goals, to grasp the spirit of the material without being locked into its flow of letters. This leads to not dissociating the power required of companies and the permanent supervision that the public authorities must exercise over them. We can therefore expect a lot from such a definition of Compliance Law by its Monumental Goals. It engenders an alliance between the Political Power, legitimate to enact the Monumental Goals, and the crucial operators, in a position to concretize them and appointed because they are able to do so. It makes it possible to find global legal solutions for global systemic difficulties that are a priori insurmountable, particularly in climate matters and for the effective protection of people in the now digital world in which we live. It expresses values that can unite human beings. In this, Compliance Law built on Monumental Goals is also a bet. Even if the requirement of "conformity" is articulated with this present conception of what Compliance Law is, this conception based on Monumental Law is based on the human ability to be free, while conformity law supposes more the human ability to obey. Therefore Compliance Law, defined by the Monumental Goals, is essential for our future, while conformity law is not. -

Articles in The Journal of Regulation & Compliance « JoRC »

MARTY, Frédéric🕴️

📝L’apport des programmes de conformité à la compétitivité internationale : une perspective concurrentielle, in 🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), 📕Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance

► Full Reference: F. Marty, "L'apport des programmes de conformité à la compétitivité internationale : une perspective concurrentielle" ("The contribution of compliance programmes to international competitiveness: a competitive perspective"), in M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, coll. "Régulations & Compliance", Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz, 2022, pp. 381-400. - 📕read a general presentation of the book, Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, in which this article is published - ► Summary of the article (done by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance): The author analyzes economically the question of whether the compliance programs set up to respect competition rules are for the sole purpose of avoiding sanctions or also contribute to the goal of increasing the international economic performance of companies. which submit to them. The author explains that companies integrate by duplication external standards to minimize the risk of sanctions, developing a "culture of compliance", which produces their competitiveness increase and the effectiveness of the legal and economic system. In addition, it reduces the cost of investment, which increases the attractiveness of the company. In this, this presentation based on the postulate of the rationality of companies and investors, compliance programs can fall under self-regulation. The duplication of the law that they operate takes place largely according to "procedural" type methods. -

Articles in The Journal of Regulation & Compliance « JoRC »

MALAURIE-VIGNAL, Marie🕴️

📝Les buts monumentaux du droit du marché. Réflexion sur la méthode, in 🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), 📕Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance

► Full Reference: M. Malaurie-Vignal, "Les buts monumentaux du droit du marché. Réflexion sur la méthode" ("The Monumental Goals of Market Law. Reflections on the method"), in M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, coll. "Régulations & Compliance", Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz, 2022, pp. 85-100. - 📕read a general presentation of the book, Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, in which this article is published - ► Summary of the article (done by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance):  The analysis done by this article is about Competition Law, and the methodology needed to be adopted for the technical functioning of this branch of Law. Taking up the various economic and legal theories on this subject, conceptions which have succeeded and clashed, the author develops that the monumental goal of Market Law is to develop an economic environment favorable to businesses and consumers, then asks the question if it could integrate an ethical dimension and more broadly non-economic considerations, in particular humanistic ones. -

Articles in The Journal of Regulation & Compliance « JoRC »

📝Le principe de proximité systémique active, corolaire du renouvellement du principe de souveraineté par le Droit de la Compliance, in 🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), 📕Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance

🌐 follow Marie-Anne Frison-Roche on LinkedIn 🌐 subscribe to the Newsletter MAFR Regulation, Compliance, Law  - ► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Le principe de proximité systémique active, corolaire du renouvellement du principe de souveraineté par le Droit de la Compliance" ("The principle of active systemic proximity: corollary of the renewal of the principle of sovereignty by Compliance Law"), in M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, coll. "Régulations & Compliance", Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz, 2022, pp. 501-520. - 📝read the article (in French) - 🚧read the bilingual Working Paper which is the basis of this article, with additional developments, technical references and hyperlinks - 📕read a general presentation of the book, Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, in which this article is published - ► Summary of the article (done by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance): Surprisingly, it is often in a quarrelsome, angry, dissatisfied tone that we first speak of Compliance, especially when Compliance takes a legal form, because it is then we talk about sanctions coming from afar. These sanctions would strike both extremely hard and in an illegitimate way, Law only therefore takes its part in Compliance to increase its brutality: the Law is what would prolong the war between States to better hit this kind of civilian population that would be the companies…, in a new kind of "planetary total war"… Why so much detestation, which can only be generated by such a presentation? Because, thanks to the power of Law, Compliance would therefore be the means for a State, finally found, to meddle in the affairs of others to serve its own interests, including those of its companies, to go to war against other States and to the companies they care about without even having to formally declare the war to them. Compliance Law would finally allow a State that is not even a strategist, just smarter, to leave its territory to regulate others. It is true that it seems even more exasperating that it would also be under the guise of virtue and good purposes. Thus, it is not possible to count the number of the writings that describe and comment on the occurrences of the expression "Trojan horse", "economic war", etc. There are thus more articles on this subject of Compliance Law as a means of going to dictate to subjects of law who are nevertheless subject to other legal systems their behavior and to sanction them for having failed to do so, than on all other technical Compliance matters. As soon as the term "extraterritoriality" is dropped, the knives are drawn. The dejection of defeat… because who can fight against American power, American Law seducing everyone? The call for resistance, or at the very least for "reaction"… In any case, it would be necessary to put the analysis back on its true terrain: politics, conquest, war, so leaving the legal technique there, area which would be good for the naive and above all count the divisions amassed on each side of the borders, then note that only the United States would have had the ingenuity to count many of them, with their armada of judges, prosecutors and lawyers, with Compliance Law amassed like so many gold coins since the 1930s, American companies relaying the assault by internalizing Compliance Law through internal codes, law that is "soft" only in name, and community standards governing the planet according to American principles, the solution then consisting of line up as many of them as possible in reaction, then attempt to "block" the assault. Because if there is no Global Law, Compliance Law would have succeeded in globalizing American Law. The technique of blocking laws would therefore be the happy outcome on which the forces should concentrate to restore "sovereignty", since Europe had been invaded, by surprise by some famous texts (FCPA) and some cases whose evocation (BNP case) to the French ear sounds like a Waterloo. Compliance Law would therefore only be a morne plaine… But is this how we should understand the notion of Sovereignty? Has the so-called question of "the extraterritoriality of Compliance Law" not been totally biased by the question, certainly important but with both very precise and extremely specific outlines, of embargoes which have almost not related to Compliance Law? The first thing to do is therefore to see more clearly in this kind of fight of extraterritoriality, by isolating the question of embargoes from other objects which should not be assessed in the same way (I). This done, it appears that where Compliance Law is required, it must be effectively indifferent to the territory: because Compliance Law intervenes where the territory, in the very concrete sense of the land in which we are anchor is not present in the situation to be governed, situation to which our minds have so much difficulty adapting and which, however, is now the most common situation: finance, space, digital. If we want the idea of ​​civilization to remain there, that the notion of "limit" be central there. However, Sovereignty is not linked to omnipotence, it is the grandchildren who believe that, it is on the contrary linked to the notion of limits (II). But if the limit had been naturally given to human beings by the territory, the ground on which we walk and the border on which we stumble and which protects us from aggression, if the limit had been naturally given to human beings by death and the oblivion into which our body and our imagination eventually fall. Indeed, technology erases both natural limits. The Law was the very reflection of these limits, since it was built on the idea of ​​life and death, with this idea that, for example, we could no longer continue to live after our death. Digital technology could challenge this. In the same way, Law had in the same "natural" way reflected the terrestrial borders, since Public International Law being internal Public Law, took care that each sovereign subject remained in its terrestrial borders and did not go beyond, without the agreement of others, Public International Law organizing both the friendly reception of the other, by treaties and diplomacy, as well as unfriendly entry, by the Law of War, while  Private International Law welcomes foreign legal systems if a extraterritorial element is already present in the situation. The complexity of the rules and the subtlety of the solutions do not modify the solidity of this base, always linking the Law to the material reality of this world which are our bodies, which appear and disappear and our "being" with them, and the earth squared by borders. Borders have always been crossed, International Commercial Law being only an economic and financial translation of this natural taste for travel which does not question the territory, human beings passing from one to another. But the Global has arrived, not only in its opportunities, being not an issue because one can always give up the best, but also in global risks whose birth, development and result are not mastered and of which it is not relevant to thinking only of repairing the damage, because preventing risks from degenerating into a systemic catastrophe is what is at stake today. What if territory slips away and hubris seizes human beings who claim that technology could be the new wings leading a fortunate few to the sun of immortality? We could go towards a world that is both catastrophic and limitless, two qualifiers that classical philosophers considered identical. Law being what brings measure, therefore limits in a world which, through technology, promises to some the deliverance of all these "natural" limits, could, by the new branch of Compliance Law, again inserting limits to a world which, without this contribution, would become disproportionate, some being able to dispose of others without any limit: in doing so, Compliance Law would then become an instrument of Sovereignty, in that it could impose limits, not by powerlessness but on the contrary by the force of Law. This explains why Compliance is so expressly linked to the political project of "Digital Sovereignty". To renew this relationship between Law and Sovereignty, where the State takes a new place, we must think of new principles. A new principle is proposed here: the Principle of "Proximity", which must be inserted into the Ex-Ante and systemic Law that is Compliance Law. Thus inserted, the Principle of Proximity can be defined in a negative way, without resorting to the notion of territory, and in a positive way, to posit as being "close" what is close systemically, in the present and in the future, Compliance Law being a branch of Systemic Law having as its object the Future. Thus, thinking in terms of Proximity consists of conceiving this notion as a Systemic Principle, which then renews the notion of Sovereignty and founds the action of entities in a position to act: Companies (III). If we think of proximity not in a territorial way, the territory having a strong political dimension but not a systemic dimension, but if we think of systemic proximity in a concrete way through the direct effects of an object whose situation immediately impacts ours (as in the climatic space, or in the digital space), then the notion of territory is no longer primary, and we can do without it. If the idea of ​​Humanism should finally have some reality, in the same way that a company donneuse d'ordre ("order giver") has a duty of Compliance regarding who works for it, this again meets the definition of Compliance Law as the protector of human beings who are close because they are internalized in the object consumers take. It is this legal technique that allows the transmission, with the thing sold, of the procedural right of action for contractual liability. Therefore, a Principle of Active Systemic Proximity justifies the action of companies to intervene, in the same way that public authorities are then legitimate to supervise them in the indifference of the formal legal connection, principe of indifference already functioning in the digital space and in environmental and humanist vigilance. It is therefore appropriate to no longer be hampered by what is a bad quarrel of the extraterritoriality of Compliance Law (I), to show the consubstantial Indifference to the territory of this new branch of Law (II) and to propose the formulation of a new Principle: the "Principle of Active Systemic Proximity (III). -

Articles in The Journal of Regulation & Compliance « JoRC »

RODA, Jean-Christophe🕴️

📝Compliance, enquêtes internes et compétitivité internationale : quels risques pour les entreprises françaises (à la lumière du Droit antitrust) ?, in 🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (dir.), 📕Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance

► Full Reference: J.-Ch. Roda, "Compliance, enquêtes internes et compétitivité internationale : quels risques pour les entreprises françaises (à la lumière du droit antitrust) ?" ("Compliance, internal investigations and international competitiveness: what are risks for the French companies (in the light of Antitrust Law)?"), in M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, coll. "Régulations & Compliance", Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz, 2022, pp. 367-380. - 📕read a general presentation of the book, Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, in which this article is published - ► Summary of the article (done by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance): The author draws on American and European Competition Law to measure whether internal investigations, as far as they provide factual elements, can provide foreign authorities and competitors, here American, with "sensitive information" (notably via leniency programs), and as such constitute a competitive handicap. But this turns out to be quite difficult, whereas compliance audits, for example under the legal duty of vigilance, can provide American litigants with useful information, drawn from internal documents, in particular the reports of compliance officers, which can be captured by the procedures of discovery. French law remains weak face of these dangers, due to its refusal to recognize the legal privilege mechanism concerning these internal documents, contrary to the American Law and the consequent effectiveness of discovery in international procedures, concerning internal documents, in particular resulting from internal investigations. Solutions have been proposed, the activation of a new conception of blocking laws being complex, the prospect of adopting a legal privilege being more effective, but there would remain the hypothesis of an international conflict of privilege, American Law having a strict design of legal advice justifying it and judges checking that  powerful companies do not use it artificially. -

Articles in The Journal of Regulation & Compliance « JoRC »

LE GOFF, Anne🕴️

📝La part des banques dans la concrétisation des Buts monumentaux de la Compliance, in🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), 📕Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance

► Full Reference: A. Le Goff, "La part des banques dans la concrétisation des buts monumentaux de la compliance" ("The banks' part in achieving the Compliance Monumental Goals"), in M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, coll. "Régulations & Compliance", Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz, 2022, pp. 69-75. - 📕read a general presentation of the book, Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, in which this article is published - ► Summary of the article (done by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance): As the head of a banking group, the question is whether compliance requirements and techniques put companies "under pressure" or whether these obligations represent an opportunity for them, the former not excluding the latter. The author shows that the entire banking sector is under pressure from regulations that express the aim of Monumental Goals, the complexity coming from the fact that these evolve over time, sometimes making it difficult to comply with them. Within this general framework, the author shows that a mutual bank such as Crédit Mutuel Arkéa has great opportunities, since these Monumental Goals resonate not only with its social responsibility, particularly in a context of crisis, but also with what is, for Arkéa, its "raison d'être". Regulation thus supports the Group's operations and it's identity. -

Articles in The Journal of Regulation & Compliance « JoRC »

MEZIANI, Lydia🕴️

📝Proportionnalité en Compliance, garant de l’ordre public en entreprise, in 🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), 📕Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance

► Full Reference: L. Meziani, "Proportionnalité en compliance, garant de l’ordre public en entreprise" ("Proportionality in Compliance, the guarantee of public order in companies"), in M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, coll. "Régulations & Compliance", Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz, 2022, pp. 225-230. - 📕read a general presentation of the book, Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, in which this article is published - ► Summary of the article (done by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance): The author emphasizes the part that companies take not only in the application of Compliance mechanisms but also in their establishment, as soon as Proportionality, a mechanism that guarantees public order, is respected. It emphasizes the link between Compliance and Ethics, since the company is directly in charge of the people who work for it and in its name, the company being a way of social integration. The way in which the company organizes itself so that the people within it are treated fairly is a major factor in an effective Compliance culture. -

Books

📕Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance

🌐follow Marie-Anne Frison-Roche on LinkedIn 🌐subscribe to the Newsletter MAFR Regulation, Compliance, Law  - ► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance (Compliance Monumental Goals), coll. "Régulations & Compliance", Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz, 2022, 520 p. - 📘In parallel, the English version of this book, Compliance Monumental Goals, is published in the collection co-published by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Bruylant.  - 📅This book comes after a cycle of colloquia 2021 organised by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC)and its Universities partners.  - 📚This volume is one of the books dedicated to Compliance in the collection Régulations & Compliance: read the presentations of the other titles of this collection. - ► General presentation of the book: Seize Compliance by its mind: its Monumental Goals. The notion of "monumental goals" of Compliance was proposed in 2016 by Marie-Anne Frison-Roche1🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche, 📝Le Droit de la compliance, 2016. . It has become explicit in the texts and the resolution of cases, for example to fight against climate change, make human beings effectively equal, force to be extraterritorially vigilant about suppliers.  Compliance Monumental Goals are targeted ex ante by regulations, contracts, CSR, and international treaties. Creating an alliance between business and political authorities, aiming for a new form of sovereignty. The presence in litigation of these Monumental Goals of global dimension renews the responsibilities and the Judge office. Describing and conceiving these Monumental Goals makes it possible to anticipate Compliance Law, which is more powerful every day. - 🏗️General construction of the book: The book opens with a double Introduction, the first summarizing the book (in free access) ​and the second, more substantial, proposing  the Monumental Goals as definition of Compliance Law putting them at its "beating heart", giving this new branch of law its originality and specificity, explaining what, in the History of the United States and Europe, gave birth to this singular corpus and justifies a substantial definition of Compliance Law. The concept of Monumental Goals is explained, justifying both systemic and political nature of Compliance Law, the practical consequences of which legal specific rules are thus better identified and limited, since Compliance Law does not lead to all-obedience. We can then determine what we can expect from this Law of the Future that is Compliance Law. From there, the book unfolds in 5 titles. A first Title is devoted to the "radioscopy" of this notion, in itself and branch of Law by branch of Law. A second Title aims to measure how the Monumental Goals are questioned by a crisis, for example in a health situation, but not in that example, if they aggravate it and must be discarded, or if, on the contrary, they are exactly conceived for this hypothesis. of crisis, risks, catastrophes and that it is advisable to exploit them, in order, in this "test", to benefit from the alliance between the political authorities, public powers and crucial operators. Once made explicit and tested, the Monumental Goals must find a sure way to be considered. Therefore, a third Title aims to measure in principle and in practice how the Proportionality method can help the integration of Compliance, thus giving a new dimension to the Law without dragging it into insecurity and illegitimate grabbing of powers. But because Compliance Monumental Goals express a very great ambition, the question of a bearable, even beneficial relationship with the international competitiveness of companies, standards and systems must be opened. This is the object of the fourth Title.   Finally, because the Monumental Goals express by nature a new ambition of the Law in a world which must not give up in what could be the prospect of its abyss, the fifth Title has for object the relationship between the Monumental Goals of Compliance and Sovereignty. - ► Understand the book through the Table of Contents and the summaries of each article:   DOUBLE INTRODUCTION 🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche, 📝Résumé de l'ouvrage Les buts monumentaux du droit de la compliance (free access : click here to read this article (in French))  🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche, 📝Les Buts Monumentaux, cœur battant du Droit de la Compliance   I. LA NOTION DE BUTS MONUMENTAUX DE LA COMPLIANCE ("THE IDEA OF COMPLIANCE MONUMENTAL GOALS")  🕴️R.-O. Maistre, 📝Quels buts fondamentaux pour le régulateur dans un paysage audiovisuel et numérique en pleine mutation ? 🕴️A.V. Le Fur, 📝Intérêt et raison d’être de l’entreprise : quelle articulation avec les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance ?   🕴️A. Le Goff, 📝La part des banques dans la concrétisation des Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance 🕴️J.-F. Vaquieri,📝Les "Buts Monumentaux" perçus par l'entreprise. L'exemple d'Enedis 🕴️M. Malaurie-Vignal, 📝Les Buts Monumentaux du droit du marché. Réflexion sur la méthode 🕴️D. de La Garanderie, 📝Sur les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance sociale  🕴️C. Peicuti & 🕴️J. Beyssade, 📝La féminisation des postes à responsabilité dans les entreprises comme But de la Compliance. Exemple du secteur bancaire 🕴️I. Gavanon, 📝Le droit des données personnelles dans l’économie numérique à l’épreuve des Buts Monumentaux 🕴️B. Petit, 📝Les Buts Monumentaux du droit (européen) des relations de travail : un système mouvant aux équilibres à consolider    🕴️G. Beaussonie, 📝Droit pénal et Compliance font-ils système ? 🕴️Ch. Huglo, 📝À quelles conditions le Droit climatique pourrait-il constituer un But Monumental prioritaire ?   II. MISE EN OEUVRE DES BUTS MONUMENTAUX DE LA COMPLIANCE EN ARTICULATION DU PRINCIPE MAJEUR DE LA PROPORTIONNALITÉ ("IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPLIANCE MONUMENTAL GOALS IN ARTICULATION OF THE MAJOR PRINCIPLE OF PROPORTIONALITY")  🕴️L. Rapp, 📝Conformité, proportionnalité et normativité   🕴️B. Bär-Bouyssière, 📝Les obstacles pratiques à la place effective de la proportionnalité dans la Compliance 🕴️A. Mendoza-Caminade, 📝Compliance, proportionnalité et évaluation 🕴️L. Meziani, 📝Proportionnalité en Compliance, garant de l’ordre public en entreprise 🕴️M. Segonds, 📝Compliance, proportionnalité et sanction   🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche, 📝Définition du principe de proportionnalité et définition du Droit de la Compliance     III. LES BUTS MONUMENTAUX DE LA COMPLIANCE ÉPROUVÉS PAR LES SITUATIONS DE CRISES ("THE COMPLIANCE MONUMENTAL GOALS TESTED BY CRISIS SITUATIONS") 🕴️A. Oumedjkane, A. Tehrani et P. Idoux, 📝Normes publiques et Compliance en temps de crise : les Buts Monumentaux à l'épreuve. Éléments pour une problématique 🕴️J. Bonnet, 📝La crise, occasion de saisir la Compliance comme mode de communication des autorités publiques   🕴️N. Sudres, 📝Gel hydroalcoolique, Covid-19 et Compliance. Des insuffisances de la démarche de conformité à l'émergence d'îlots de Compliance 🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche, 📝Place et rôle des entreprises dans la création et l'effectivité du Droit de la Compliance en cas de crise    IV. EFFECTIVITÉ DES BUTS MONUMENTAUX DE LA COMPLIANCE ET COMPÉTITIVITÉ INTERNATIONALE ("EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPLIANCE MONUMENTAL GOALS AND INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS")  🕴️B. Deffains, 📝L’enjeu économique de compétitivité internationale de la Compliance 🕴️J.-Ch. Roda, 📝Compliance, enquêtes internes et compétitivité internationale : quels risques pour les entreprises françaises (à la lumière du droit antitrust) ? 🕴️F. Marty, 📝L'apport des programmes de conformité à la compétitivité internationale : une perspective concurrentielle 🕴️S. Lochmann, 📝Les agences de notation ESG et l'effectivité de la Compliance face à la compétitivité internationale 🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche, 📝Appréciation du lancement d'alerte et de l'obligation de vigilance au regard de la compétitivité internationale     V. LA COMPLIANCE PORTÉE PAR LES BUTS MONUMENTAUX, NOUVELLE VOIE DE SOUVERAINETÉ ("COMPLIANCE SUPPORTED BY MONUMENTAL GOALS AND NEW WAY OF SOVEREIGNTY")  🕴️R. Bismuth, 📝Compliance et souveraineté : relations ambigües 🕴️L. Benzoni, 📝Commerce international, compétitivité des entreprises et souveraineté : vers une économie politique de la Compliance 🕴️M.-A. Boursier, 📝Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance : mode d'expression des États 🕴️S. Pottier, 📝Pour une Compliance européenne, vecteur d'affirmation économique et politique 🕴️Ch. André, 📝Souveraineté étatique, souveraineté populaire : quel contrat social pour la Compliance ? 🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche, 📝Le principe de proximité systémique active, corollaire du renouvellement du principe de souveraineté par le Droit de la Compliance -

Working papers

🚧The judge, the obligation of compliance and the company. The probationary compliance system

🌐 follow Marie-Anne Frison-Roche on LinkedIn 🌐 subscribe to the Newsletter MAFR Regulation, Compliance, Law  - ► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, The judge, the obligation of compliance and the company. The probationary compliance system, Working Paper, August 2022. - 📝this Working paper had been made for an article:  📕 published in its French version ("Le juge, l'obligation de compliance et l'entreprise. Le système probatoire de la compliance") in the book La juridictionnalisation de la Compliance, in the series 📚Régulations & Compliance  📘published in tis English version in the book Compliance Jurisdictionalisation, in the series 📚Compliance & Regulation - ► Summary of this Working Paper: To articulate the probationary system of compliance, it should first be admitted that Evidence is a general system, built on a "probationary square" functioning whatever the situation, and that it seems that Compliance Law rejects it, being incompatible with major probative principles, as soon as Compliance is defined as the obligation that companies would have to show (which is evidence) their respect for all the regulations applicable to them. But fortunately, Compliance does not have to receive this definition. Compliance Law consists of all the principles, institutions, rules, and decisions which, in an alliance between public authorities and crucial companies, tend in a substantial way to the achievement of Monumental Goals. A branch of Ex Ante Law that protects systems and the human beings involved in them, Compliance Law aims to detect and prevent so that in the future systems will be less harmful than they would be if we do nothing, even will be better. From this required action of companies, which requires the establishment of structures and series of behaviors, a specific probationary system emerges. It is composed firstly of specific proof objects, constituted on the one hand by the structures and on the other hand by the behaviors. Secondly, the specificity of compliance, often denounced, lies in the burden of proof, the burden of which rests on the company, but it is necessary to analyze the interference with the other branches of law, which compliance cannot have destroyed. . Thirdly, the scope of the probative issues is such that the means of proof have multiplied, according to the triptych of the effectiveness, efficiency and effectiveness expected of the compliance system itself regarding the Monumental Goals (and not the regulations). Fourthly, because Compliance Law is a branch of Ex Ante Law and the Judge is nevertheless at the center, it is logical that all efforts focus on the pre-constitution of evidence.   - 🔓read the developments below ⤵️

Articles

📧Quand on s’intéresse à la Compliance, lire “La Haine”​ de Günther Anders

► Référence complète : Frison-Roche, M.-A., Quand on s'intéresse à la Compliance, lire "La Haine"​ de Günther Anders, 1ier août 2022. - ► Introduction de l'article : Philosophe allemand, Günter Anders connut la Seconde Guerre mondiale, dût quitter l'Allemagne et vécut dans plusieurs pays. C'est avant tout un philosophe moral, habité par le pessimisme et l'idée que le nazisme n'était qu'une répétition générale, plutôt artisanale, de ce que nous attend : L'obsolescence de l'homme, son livre-maître qui en 1956 décrit le système économique comme ce qui broie les êtres humains en les réduisant à n'être plus que des êtres qui entretiennent des machines qui produisent des produits inutiles qu'ils consomment, les humains n'étant eux-mêmes que des machines désirantes. En 1985 dans un volume paru en langue allemande et composé d'articles tous consacrés au thème de La haine, il donna comme contribution les éléments de travail de ce qu'il avait conçu comme dernière partie de son oeuvre démontrant l'appareillage obtenant "l'obsolescence de l'homme", dernier livre qu'il ne publia jamais. Extrait de ce volume, ces documents de travail furent traduits en français et présentés par Philippe Ivernel : le titre en est La Haine. I. LA FABRIQUE DE LA "HAINE COMME PRODUIT DE CONSOMMATION" POUR ENGENDRER DES COMBATS, PRODUCTEURS A LEUR TOUR DE HAINE : L'ARTICULATION DES DEUX HAINES Anders est un penseur de la technique, de la technologie (comme l'est Jacques Ellul), expliquant qu'elle n'appartiendra plus à une élite mais au contraire à chacun dans notre vie quotidienne, se mettant ainsi au centre de tout, remplaçant notamment la politique, les êtres humains mécanisés devenant la matière première des machines. Le titre original, La Haine à l'état d'antiquité désigne le fait que la société de consommation réduisant l'être humain à son aptitude à entretenir des machines et à se comporter lui-même comme une machine consommant les produits fabriqués par des machines, l'être humain ayant pour seul fonction de désirer consommer ce que produisent les machines, et désirant donc finalement rien d'autres qu'entretenir et développer les machines qui l'engloutissent sous tous ces biens, n'a plus de pensée que pour ce monde entièrement voué aux machines. L'Amour et la Haine sont ainsi reléguées "à l'état d'antiquité" car pour trouver sa place dans ce système de désirs qui convergent vers les machines, il n'est besoin ni d'Amour ni de Haine. Il expose que cela se passe dans deux temps. Dans un premier temps, la Haine est fabriquée pour amener les humains à se battre contre des ennemis qu'ils ne connaissent même pas ; dans un second temps, ils sont suffisamment mécanisés pour attaquer sans que l'énergie de la Haine soit même nécessaire. Le premier fragment de ses documents de travail expose la façon dont les êtres humains "aiment la Haine" car cela donne à chacun le sentiment d'exister : la Haine. "Je hais, donc je suis. Ou plus précisément : Donc je suis quelqu'un" (p. 33). Il reprend cette idée dans le deuxième fragment dont le titre est (en français dans l'édition allemande) : L'appétit vient en mangeant. Il expose que la Haine n'est pas au départ contre une personne particulière et pousse à l'attaquer. La Haine est à l'état pur, mais c'est plutôt l'atmosphère de haine et "l'amour de la haine". Il suffit de la cultiver et la tourner ensuite à volonté contre un tel ou un tel. Il évoque ainsi une sorte d'industrie de la haine, en des termes qu'il met dans la bouche du personnage qui dirige la cité : "Sans doute est-il exact qu'ils combattent "leurs ennemis" parce qu'ils les haïssent. Sauf que cette haine envers "leurs ennemis" n'explose précisément pas en s'allumant d'elle-même-meme, ni parce que les premiers leur auraient fait quoi que ce soit. Mais uniquement par ceci que (et donc parce que) je leur livre la haine à chaque fois exigible. Ils la reçoivent de moi gratuitement à domicile. Exactement comme l'eau, le gaz et la TV. Et cette haine qui leur est acheminée, ils la consomment alors, et dans tout à fait dans mon sens à moi : car ils s'engagent, en effet, pleins de haine dans la lutte politiquement opportune. Après quoi commence aussi réellement ce dont vous venez de parler : la deuxième phase de la haine. Car à présent ils haïssent réellement du fait qu'ils combattent. La règle de la haine s'énonce comme suite : "Je combats quelqu'un – de ce fait je me mets à le haïr. L'appétit vient en mangeant, la haine vient en luttant". Ils se battent ainsi "avec appétence" et sont persuadés le faire "avec dignité", devant rester dans l'ignorance de l'absence de raison du combat (qui est la pure volonté de celui qui leur a envoyé la Haine). Günther Anders fait ensuite expliquer par le personnage politique qu'il fait cela par moralité car il ne veut pas que les hommes en tuent d'autres juste par obéissance à ses ordres, ce qu'ils trouveraient immoral. Il leur fabrique alors de la Haine, de la Haine qu'ils aiment, qu'il dirige ensuite sur des groupes de personnes et ainsi dotés de cette première haine, ils attaquent ceux qu'ils haïssent, le combat accroissant par une seconde haine la première, et tout le système fonctionne bien. Il lui fait ainsi conclure : "C'est pourquoi ils ont besoin de haïr. C'est pourquoi je leur accorde de haïr. C'est pourquoi je leur ordonne de haïr.". Le troisième fragment porte sur la guerre proprement dite. Anders expose que la Haine n'y est aujourd'hui plus requise parce que la technique permet aux soldats de n'être plus en contact avec les personnes qu'ils combattent, ni même d'être confrontés aux cadavres. La fabrique de la Haine serait donc devenue inutile. C'est pour cela aussi qu'elle aurait vocation à être rangée dans les antiquités… Les soldats sont devenus comme des robots. Le quatrième fragment développe ce point, sur des soldats "aveugles en telos", au point qu'on pourrait davantage les qualifier "d'employés" des armées que de soldats, exécutant leur travail sans savoir sur qui ou quoi ils larguent les bombes, chacun étant désormais comme à l'arrière du front. Anders souligne que dans ce combat sans haine, mené par les ordinateurs, le combat ne prend jamais fin.   II. UNE EXTRAORDINAIRE ANTICIPATION DU SYSTEME COMMERCIALE ET POLITIQUE E DE HAINE   A. DISTINCTION DES DEUX HAINES ET ROBOTISATION DES ETRES HUMAINS L'œuvre de Gunther Anders est particulièrement profitable pour comprendre le monde dans lequel nous vivons. Dans cette ébauche d'ouvrage, retenons l'idée d'une double haine : la Haine fabriquée comme un objet et apportée gratuitement à tout le monde car il y a chez chacun un "amour de la haine" qui est en soi, puisqu'en haïssant, on se sent exister. La Haine est un objet économique pur, car elle n'a pas d'objet particulier. Elle est fabriquée, cultivée, diffusée, accrue, partagée. Ce n'est que dans un second temps, après avoir ainsi inséré de la Haine pure dans l'esprit des amoureux de la Haine, que l'on peut lui affecter un objet, une personne ou un groupe de personnes et qu'un combat contre ceux-ci peut commencer, producteur d'un second type de Haine. Les deux Haines s'accroissent l'une l'autre. Le premier intérêt de cette conception est d'isoler ce premier temps de la Haine : une Haine à l'état pur, celle qui existe car haïr permet d'exister, indépendamment de l'objet de la haine. Ce n'est pas donc pas l'objet qui fait naître la Haine, mais l'amour de soi qui fait naître la Haine. Dans un second temps, c'est le hasard ou la manipulation d'un tiers (dans l'exemple pris par Anders le dirigeant politique, mais nous connaissons des influenceurs en dehors du cercle politique) qui offre à la Haine son objet. Mais Anders insiste sur le fait que ces objets sont substituables. Par cette Haine fabriquée, les êtres humains ont donc l'impression d'exister. C'est alors un stade pire et paradoxal qui s'annonce : celui des êtres humains sans haine, parce qu'on leur aura ôté l'objet de Haine, alors même qu'on leur commande (comme à des "employés") de tuer des semblables, en les mettant technologiquement à distance de l'objet à détruire (Anders prend l'exemple du lancer de bombe). Ils deviennent des robots, et la déshumanisation est ainsi achevée. C'est en cela que les 4 fragments constituent pleinement la dernière partie de l'œuvre centrale qu'est L'obsolescence de l'Homme. B. LE MONDE NUMERIQUE, LES RÉSEAUX SOCIAUX ET L' "INTELLIGENCE ARTIFICIELLE" Le travail publié en 1985 correspond à des réflexions élaborées juste après la Seconde Guerre mondiale et puisant dans les leçons de la Première. Mais si l'on regarde le monde numérique dans lequel nous vivons, il est en premier lieu construit sur des technologies "neutres", une industrie de l'information qui transforme les êtres humains en consommateurs d'information et en source d'information, constituant eux-mêmes une masse de micro-informations. En deuxième lieu, les plateformes, et plus particulièrement les réseaux sociaux, sont des espaces neutres, les entreprises qui les tiennent ne sont pas des éditeurs, et le produit pur qui y circulent le mieux est de la "Haine pure", qui est ce qui rapporte à ces entreprises le plus de revenus, les différents objets de haines étant interchangeables. La Haine est devenue un objet qui est délivré à domicile et dont nous sommes abreuvés en permanence, notre "amour de la Haine" étant alimentée en continu, et sans doute accru. En troisième lieu, les algorithmes sont présentés comme "intelligents", c'est-à-dire dotés d'une capacité non seulement d'apprentissage mais de choix et de discernement. L'intelligence artificielle serait le progrès, c'est-à-dire la disparation de la haine pour exemple pour prononcer les sanctions les plus adéquates. Les chiffres ont donc remplacé les êtres humains, ce qu'Anders visait à travers les "ordinateurs".   III. LE PROFIT QUE LE DROIT DE LA COMPLIANCE PEUT FAIRE DE LA PENSÉE DE GUNTHER ANDERS A. LE DROIT DE LA COMPLIANCE, DROIT AYANT LA PRÉTENTION DE RÉDUIRE LA HAINE DANS L'ESPACE NUMÉRIQUE Le Droit de la Compliance est une branche du Droit construit sur des prétentions politiques qui visent à concrétiser des "buts monumentaux". 🔴Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, 📝Les Buts Monumentaux, cœur battant du Droit de la Compliance, in Marie-Anne Frison-Roche (dir.), 📕 Les buts monumentaux de la compliance, Journal of Regulation & Compliance et Dalloz, coll. 📚Régulations & Compliance, 2022, pp. 21-44. La lutte contre la diffusion de ce qu'il est pertinent de désigner comme l'amour naturel de la haine pure, qui se répand d'une façon virale dans l'espace numérique permettant à la haine d'être "portée à domicile" est une des objets majeurs du Droit de la Compliance. Le Digital Services Act est imprégné de techniques de Compliance pour y parvenir. Il ne s'agit pas de compter sur la moralité des personnes, puisque le cœur des humains est d'aimer la haine, ni de les remplacer par des machines car le remède est pire que le mal (la déshumanisation) mais sur la performance technique de ceux qui tiennent ce système économique-là : les plateformes elles-mêmes. 🔴M.-A. Frison-Roche, 📝Se tenir bien dans l'espace numérique, in Mélanges en l'honneur de Michel Vivant, Penser le droit de la pensée, Dalloz et Lexis Nexis, 2020, pp. 155-168. En combattant le feu par le feu, c'est-à-dire en obligeant ceux qui ont construit les techniques par lesquelles se diffusent la Haine à construire et à utiliser les techniques de contrôle, de détection et de prévention de celle-ci, le Droit de la Compliance, notamment grâce à son effet naturellement extraterritorial, exprime la prétention de ne pas laisser la Haine régner. En outre, les Autorités publiques non seulement régulent mais encore supervisent les entreprises et leurs technologies, en l'espèce l'Arcom et la CNIL, dont les pouvoirs Ex Ante s'accroissent. 🔴R.-O. Maistre, Quels buts monumentaux pour le Régulateur dans un paysage audiovisuel et numérique en pleine mutation ?, in Frison-Roche, M.-A. (dir.), Les buts monumentaux de la Compliance, série "Régulations & Compliance", Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) et Dalloz, 2022. B. LA DÉFINITION TÉLÉOLOGIQUE DU DROIT DE LA COMPLIANCE L'œuvre d'Anders est parcourue par le désespoir moral d'êtres humains "sans telos", c'est-à-dire sans finalités qui leur soit propres. C'est ainsi qu'ils peuvent être saisis aisément par l'amour de la Haine, puisqu'aucun projet propre n'occupe leur temps et leur force. Il peut en être de même pour la force du Droit. Si le Droit ne devait être qu'une technique "réglementaire", "neutre", visant à "l'efficacité" des désirs de chacun et des réglementations accumulées, alors le Droit ne ferait qu'ajouter à la déshumanisation décrite par Anders. Mais le Droit de la Compliance est par nature une branche du Droit téléologique : elle se définit par ses buts. Et ceux-ci sont "monumentaux". Ces buts monumentaux ponctuels peuvent tous se ramener à ceci : protéger les êtres humains, afin que la description d'Anders ne soit pas exacte en son cœur désespéré. 🔴M.-A. Frison-Roche, 🚧 Fonder la Compliance, 2022

Working papers

🚧 Regulatory and Compliance Law, expression of the missions of a professional Order

🌐 follow Marie-Anne Frison-Roche on LinkedIn 🌐 subscribe to the Newsletter MAFR Regulation, Compliance, Law  - ► Full reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, Regulatory and Compliance Law, expression of the missions of a professional Order, Working Paper, July 2022. - 🎤 This Working Paper has been done as basis for an intervention in the Annual Congress of the French Professional Order of the Géomètres-Experts, September 15, 2022 (conference given in French)  - 🎥watch the short presentation of this speech (in French)  - 🎥watch the full speech given on 15 September 2022, based on this working paper - ► Summary of the Working Paper: Professional orders should not present themselves as exceptions, however legitimate they may be, in relation to a principle, which would be the competitive system, but as the expression of a principle. This principle is expressed by two branches of Law whose importance is constantly growing in European Law, liberal branches which are based on the conception of economic life and the definition of company, turned towards the future: the Regulatory Law and Compliance Law, two branches of Law at the same time related and distinct. Indeed, and this is the topic of the first part, Competition Law conceives professional orders as exceptions since these "corporations" constitute structural agreements. French domestic legal system both consolidates the professional orders by backing them up to the State, which would sub-delegate its powers to them, but involves them in the questioning by the European Union of the States and their tools. Most often the temptation is then to recall with a kind of nostalgia the times when the professional orders were the principle but, except to ask for a restoration, the time would be no more. A more dynamic approach is possible, in accordance with the more general evolution of Economic Law. Indeed, the Professional Order is the expression of a profession, a little-exploited concept in Economic Law, over which the Order exercises the function of "Second-level Regulator", the public authorities exercising the function of "First-level Regulator". The Banking and Financial Regulatory Law is built in this way and operates thank to that, at national, European, and global level. This is what should be linked. The Professional Orders therefore have the primary function of spreading a "Culture of Compliance" among the professionals they supervise and beyond them (clients and stakeholders). This culture of Compliance is developed regarding the missions which are concretized by the professionals themselves. Therefore, the second part of the Working Paper deals with the legal evolution of the notion of "Mission" which has become central in Economic and General Law, through the technique of the mission-based company. However, there are multiple points of contact between the raison d'être, the company with a mission and Compliance Law as soon as the latter is defined by the concrete and overly ambitious goals that it pursues. : the Monumental Goals. Each structure, for example the French Ordre des Géomètres-Experts, is legitimate to set the Monumental Goal that it pursues and that it inculcates, in particular the conception of territory and the living environment, joining what unites all the Monumental Goals of Compliance: concern for others. The French Ordre des Géomètres-Experts, is adequate because it has a more flexible relationship, both tighter and broader, with the territory than the State itself. By instilling this in professionals, the Professional Order develops in the practitioner an "ex ante responsibility", which is a pillar of Compliance Law, constituting both a charge and a power that the practitioner exercises, and of which the Professional Order must be the supervisor. - 🔓read the Working Paper⤵️

Articles in a legal collective publication

📝L’appui du Droit de la Compliance pour la maîtrise quotidienne du Droit de la concurrence, in 🕴️C. Lemaire & 🕴️F. Martucci (dir.), 📗Liber Amicorum Laurence Idot. Concurrence et Europe

► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, "L'appui du Droit de la Compliance pour la maîtrise quotidienne du Droit de la concurrence" ("The support of Compliance Law for the daily mastery of Competition Law"), in C. Lemaire & F. Martucci (eds.), Liber Amicorum Laurence Idot. Concurrence et Europe, vol. I, pref. C. Lemaire & F. Martucci, foreword B. Lasserre, Concurrences, 2022, pp. 369-374 - ► English Summary of the article: Competition Law has become so huge and has included so many regulations and "regulatory" perspective that we end up giving up trying to grasp it as a whole, preferring to become a specialist in one of its parts.  That would be to lose sight of the simple and strong reason that unites the whole and gives it its breath: Freedom. Freedom experienced by the persons in their daily economic action, Freedom guarded by Competition Law, always returning to its principle: Free Competition. Therefore, the European Union places great emphasis on Competition. To make effective and to keep it in this state, “Competition Policy” is based on Competition Law, but if authorities and judges do not blame companies for their power, they do not rely on it. To do this, Competition Law must be supported by Compliance Law, which strongly encourages companies to act for the effectiveness and the promotion of competitive principles. Competition Law is thus slipping from the Ex-Post towards the Ex-Ante, the commitments of companies leading them to cease being passive, even punished, to become convinced actors and themselves pedagogues. Something to please a great Professor of Competition Law, to whom homage is paid here. - 📗read the Table of Contents of the book in which this article is published (in French) - 🚧read the bilingual Working Paper which is the basis of this article, with additional developments, technical references and hyperlinks - 📝read the article (in French) - 🌐follow Marie-Anne Frison-Roche sur LinkedIn 🌐follow Marie-Anne Frison-Roche on Instagram 🌐subscribe to the Newsletter MAFR Regulation, Compliance, Law