Organization of scientific events
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► Référence complète : M.-A. Frison-Roche & G. Loiseau (dir.), Durabilité de l’Internet : le rôle des opérateurs du système des noms de domaine. Compliance et Régulation de l’espace numérique, Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) et Institut de Recherche Juridique de la Sorbonne (André Tunc - IRJS) de l'Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, décembre 2024
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🧮consulter le programme complet de cette manifestation
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► Présentation générale du colloque :
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► Interviennent :
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Sept. 22, 2024
Thesaurus : Doctrine
► Référence complète : Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU), Le Pacte pour l'avenir, 22 septembre 2024, 67 p.
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April 30, 2024
Thesaurus : Doctrine
► Référence complète : NETmundial+10, Déclaration multipartite NETmundial+10. Renforcement des processus de gouvernance de l’Internet et de politique numérique, 30 avril 2024, 20 p.
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Feb. 1, 2024
Teachings
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► Full Reference: F. Ancel & M.-A. Frison-Roche, Droit de la compliance (Compliance Law), École nationale de la magistrature - ENM (French National School for the Judiciary), in collaboration with the École de Formation professionnelle des Barreaux du ressort de la cour d'appel de Paris - EFB (Paris Bar School), Paris, February 1 and 2, 2024
This teaching is given in French.
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► Presentation of the Teaching: The aim of this two-day conference is to enable judges and lawyers to grasp the issues, objectives and methods that define Compliance Law as it is practised in companies.
The speakers will illustrate the growing trend towards litigation, which is difficult to reconcile with the supranational dimension, or even indifference to territories, for example when disputes concern systemic climate or digital issues: the result is a renewal of the role of the judge and the role of lawyers.
This must be set against the renewal of the role and operation of companies themselves.
This is analysed from the perspective of Civil Law, in particular Contract Law and Liability Law. Company Law and Criminal Law are also addressed, as well as the way in which the legal system now integrates governance, regulation, climate and digital issues and the smooth operation of financial markets through Compliance techniques.
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► Organisation of the Teaching: This conference is divided into two parts.
The first day is designed as a presentation of the major themes through which Compliance Law crosses the branches of traditional Law. The speakers will be professors of Law who will successively summarise the branches of Law and put into perspective the way in which Compliance imperatives give rise to new situations, new difficulties and new solutions.
This enables the second day to focus on practical and topical issues and to debate controversial questions between people of different sensibilities. The participants tend to be judges, members of regulatory authorities, lawyers, members of associations and so on.
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► Enrolment procedure: The course is open to all judicial and consular magistrates, as well as lawyers.
Registrations can be made directly with the ENM or with the EFB.
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► Speakers :
🎤François Ancel, Judge at the Première Chambre civile de la Cour de cassation (First Civil Chamber of the French Court of cassation)
🎤Thomas Baudesson, Attorney at the Paris Bar, Partner at Clifford Chance
🎤Guillaume Beaussonie, Full Professor at Toulouse 1 Capitole University
🎤Jacques Boulard, Premier Président de la Cour d’appel de Paris (First President of the Paris Court of Appeal)
🎤Marie Caffin-Moi, Full Professor at Paris Panthéon-Assas University
🎤Malik Chapuis, Judge at the Tribunal judiciaire de Paris (Paris First Instance Civil Court)
🎤Lucie Chatelain, Advocacy and Litigation Manager - Civil Liability of Parent Companies, Sherpa
🎤Jean-Benoît Devauges, Directeur Juridique, Ethique et Gouvernance des entreprises (Legal, Ethics and enterprises governance Director), MEDEF
🎤Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, Professor of Regulatory and Compliance Law, Director of the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC)
🎤Arnaud Gossement, Attorney at the Paris Bar, Partner at Gossement Avocats
🎤Thibault Goujon-Bethan, Full Professor at Jean Moulin Lyon 3 University
🎤Christophe Ingrain, Attorney at the Paris Bar, Partner at Darrois Villey Maillot Brochier
🎤Isabelle Jegouzo, Director of the Agence française anticorruption - AFA (French Anti-Corruption Agency)
🎤Anne-Valérie Le Fur, Full Professor at Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University
🎤Charlotte Michon, Attorney at the Paris Bar, partner at Charlotte Michon Avocat
🎤Jean-Baptiste Racine, Full Professor at Paris Panthéon-Assas University
🎤 Jean-Christophe Roda, Full Professor at Jean-Moulin Lyon 3 University
🎤Jérôme Simon, 1er Vice-Procureur Financier (First Financial Vice-Prosecutor)
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🧮read below the programme put together and organised by François Ancel and Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, as well as the reports of each presentation⤵️
Sept. 1, 2023
Thesaurus : Doctrine
► Référence complète : J. Groffe-Charrier, "Contrôle de l’âge du public de contenus pornographiques : l’ouverture de la boîte de Pandore ?", Communication-Commerce électronique, n° 9, septembre 2023, pp. 1-4
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► Résumé de l'article (fait par l'auteure) : "La protection des mineurs en ligne se traduit notamment, pour le Gouvernement, par la nécessité de contrôler l’âge des utilisateurs de sites proposant des contenus pornographiques, afin d’épargner les plus jeunes. Toutefois, si l’objectif est louable, les solutions envisagées ne sont pas sans risque et mettent en lumière les limites de la règle légale.".
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🦉Cet article est accessible en texte intégral pour les personnes inscrites aux enseignements de la Professeure Marie-Anne Frison-Roche
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Sept. 27, 2022
Thesaurus : Soft Law
► Référence complète : Conseil d'État, Les réseaux sociaux. Enjeu et opportunités pour la puissance publique, Rapport annuel, 2022.
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Updated: Sept. 18, 2021 (Initial publication: Sept. 10, 1999)
Publications
► Référence complète : Frison-Roche, M.-A., Droit, finance, autorité. Sociologie comparée des autorités de marchés financiers, recherches menées puis rapport rédigé pour le Laboratoire de sociologie juridique, Université Panthéon-Assas (Paris II), remis au GIP Mission de recherche Droit et justice, septembre 1999, dactyl., 117 p.
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📝 Lire la table des matières de l'ouvrage.
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📝 Lire le résumé et la synthèse de l'ouvrage en 4 pages.
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📝 Lire le rapport
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►Lire les deux monographies accompagnant le rapport :
📝 Bouthinon-Dumas, H., Le rôle des autorités de marchés financiers dans la crise asiatique vue à travers la presse
📝 V. Magnier, Les autorités de marchés financiers aux Etats-Unis. Droit, juge et autorité de marché
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📝 Lire les synthèses concernant les différents pays étudiés
📝 Lire la grille d'entretien semi-ouvert
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Dec. 10, 2020
Thesaurus : 03. Conseil d'Etat
Dec. 8, 2020
Thesaurus : Doctrine
► Référence complète : E. Balate, "Le consommateur", in J.-B. Racine (dir.), Le droit économique au XXIe siècle. Notions et enjeux, LGDJ, coll. "Droit & Économie", 2020, pp. 153-172
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📕consulter une présentation générale de l'ouvrage, Le droit économique au XXIe siècle. Notions et enjeux, dans lequel cet article est publié
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► Résumé de l'article :
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🦉Cet article est accessible en texte intégral pour les personnes inscrites aux enseignements de la Professeure Marie-Anne Frison-Roche
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Nov. 23, 2020
Interviews
Full reference: Frison-Roche, M.-A., Facebook: Quand le Droit de la Compliance démontre sa capacité à protéger les personnes (Facebook: When Compliance Law proves its ability to protect people), interview with Olivia Dufour, Actu-juridiques Lextenso, 23rd of November 2020
Read the interview (in French)
Read the news of the Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation about this question
Oct. 1, 2020
Thesaurus : Soft Law
Full reference: Baer, B., Proposals to Strengthen the Antitrust Laws and Restore Competition Online, Testimony before the United-States House of Representatives, Committee on Judiciary, Subcommittee on Antitrust, Commercial and Administrative Law, 1st of October 2020
Read Bill Baer's presentation by Brookings Institution of which he is a member
Sept. 21, 2020
Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation
Full reference: Frison-Roche, M.-A., Regulation, Compliance & Cinema: learning about Internet Regulation with the series "Criminals", Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation, 21st of September 2020
Read by freely subscribing other news of the Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation
Summary of the news:
Season 2 Episode 3 of the British version of the series "Criminals" features the character of Danielle. Danielle is a mother which has decided to hunt down pedophiles on social networks in order to trap them and show to the world their acts. Danielle insists on the efficiency of her action with regard to the police and justice that she finds unproductive. In the episode, Danielle is accused of defamation by the police. While policemen try to explain to Danielle the importance of using a regular procedure and to respect the Rule of Law aiming to prove its accusations, she makes efficiency her only principle. According to her, her methods get results (on the contrary of those used by the police which respect procedures) and those she accuses to be pedophiles do not deserve defense rights.
We can learn three lessons from Danielle's story:
Sept. 21, 2020
Law by Illustrations
This working paper is an extraction of an eponym newsletter published in the Newsletter MAFR - Law, Regulation & Compliance on 21st of September 2020 on LinkedIn.
Sept. 16, 2020
Publications
🌐follow Marie-Anne Frison-Roche on LinkedIn
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Full reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, Se tenir bien dans l'espace numérique, in Penser le droit de la pensée. Mélanges en l'honneur de Michel Vivant, Lexis Nexis and Dalloz, 2020, pp. 155-168.
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📝Read the article (in French)
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English summary of the article: The digital space is one of the scarce spaces not framed by a specific branch of Law, Freedom also offering opportunity to its actors to not "behave well", that is to express and diffuse broadly and immediately hateful thoughts through Hate speechs, which remained before in private or limited circles. The intimacy of Law and of the legal notion of Person is broken: Digital permits to individuals or organizations to act as demultiplied and anonymous characters, digital depersonalized actors who carry behaviors that are hurtful to other's dignity.
Against that, Compliance Law offers an appropriate solution: internalizing in digital crucial operators the mission to disciplinary and substantially hold the digital space. The digital space has been structured by powerful firms able to maintain order. Because Law must not reduce digital space to be only a neutral market of digital prestations, these crucial operators, like social networks or search engines, must be forced to substantially control behaviors. It could be about an obligation of internet users to act with their face uncover, "real identity" policy controlled by firms, and to respect others' rights, privacy rights, dignity, intellectual property rights. In their Regulatory function, digital crucial firms must be supervised by public authorities.
Thus, Compliance law substantially defined is the protector of the person as "subject of law" in the digital space, by the respect that others must have, this space passing from the status of free space to the one of civilized space, in which everyone is obliged to behave well.
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Read to go further:
Sept. 10, 2020
Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation
Full reference: Frison-Roche, M.-A., Responding to an email with "serious anomalies",transferring personal data, blocks reimbursement by the bank: French Cour de cassation, July 1st 2020, Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation, 10th of September 2020
Read by freely subscribing other news of the Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation
Summary of the news
"Phishing" is a kind of cyber criminality aiming to obtain, by sending fraudulent emails which look like to those sent by legitimate organisms, recipient's personal information in order to impersonate or steal him or her. As it is difficult to find the authors of "phishing" and to prove their intentionality in order to punish them directly, on mean to fight against "phishing" could be to entitle banks to secure their information network and, to accompany this obligation with a strong incentive, to convict them to reimburse the victims in case of robbery of their personal data.
In 2015, a client victime of this kind of fraud asked to his bank, the Crédit Mutuel, to reimburse him the amount stole, what the bank refused to do on the grounds that the client committed a fault, transferring its confidential information without checking the email, however grossly counterfeit. The Court of first instance gave reason to the client because although he committed this fault, he was in good faith. This judgment was broken by the Chambre commerciale de la Cour de cassation (French Judicial Supreme Court) by a decision of 1st of July 2020 which states that this serious negligence, exclusive of any consideration of good faith, justifies the absence of reimbursement by the bank.
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From this particular case, we can draw three lessons:
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Aug. 31, 2020
Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation
Full reference: Frison-Roche, M.-A., Compliance by Design, a new weapon? Opinion of Facebook about Apple new technical dispositions on Personal Data protection, Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation, 31st of August 2020
Read by freely subscribing other news of the Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation
Summary of the news:
Personal Data, as they are information, are Compliance Tools. They represent a precious resource for firms which must implement a vigilance plan in order to prevent corruption, money laundering or terrorism financing, for examples. It is the reason why personal data are the angular stone of "Compliance by design" systems. However, the use of these data cannot clear the firm of its simultaneous obligation to protect these same personal data, that is also a "monumental goal" of Compliance Law.
In order to be able to exploit these data in an objective of Compliance and protecting them in the same time, the digital firm Apple adopted for example new dispositions in order to the exploitation of the Identifier For Advertisers (IDFA) integrated in the iPad and in the iPhone and broadly used by targeted advertising firms, is conditioned to the consumer's consent.
Facebook reacted to this new disposition explaining that such measures will restrict the access to data for advertisers who will suffer from that. Facebook suspects Apple to block the access to advertisers in order to develop its own advertising tool. Facebook guaranteed to advertisers who work with it that it will not take similar measures and that it will always favor consultation before decision making in order to concile sometimes divergent interests.
We can sleep and already make some remarks:
The whole paradox of Compliance Law rests in the equilibrium between circulation of information and secret.
Aug. 27, 2020
Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation
Full reference: Frison-Roche, M.-A., "Interregulation" between Payments System and Personal Data Protection: how to organize this "interplay"?, Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation, 27th of August 2020
Read by freely subscribing the other news of the Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation
Summary of the news
Regulation Law, in order to recognize and draw the consequences from the specificities of some objects, has been build, at the start, around the notion of "technical sector" although their delimitation is partially related to a political choice. But, in facts, there are multiple points of contacts between sectors, actors moving from one to another as objects. The regulatory solution is so to climb over some technical borders through the methodology of interregulation which is by the way the only one to enable the regulation of some phenomena going beyond the notion of sector and related to Compliance Law.
This news takes the exemple of companies furnishing new payment services. In order to they can provide these services, these firms needs to access to banking accounts of concerned people and so to very sensitive personal data. Regulation of such a configuration needs a cooperation between the banking regulator and the personal data regulator. Legislation being not sufficient to organize in Ex Ante this interregulation, the European Data Protection Board has published some guidelines on 17th of July 2020 about the way it conceives the articulation between the PSD2 (European directive about payment services) and GDPR and has announced that it intended to expand the circle of its interlocutors to do this interregulation. Such an initiative from EDPB can be justified by the uncertainty about how interpreting both texts and articulating them.
Aug. 18, 2020
Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation
Full reference: Frison-Roche, M.-A., Can Coordination between local Regulators replace a unique centralized Regulator? Example of the European organisation of the Open Internet Principle, Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation, 18th of August 2020
Read, by freely subscribing, the other news of the Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation
To go further, read Marie-Anne Frison-Roche's article: The hypothesis of interregulation
Summary of the news
The principle of "open internet" enshrined in the European regulation of 30th of April 2016 guaranteeing a non discriminatory access to Internet contents and services. However, there is no European regulator to implement such a principle. Is it possible to guarantee the effectivity of this principle without a central regulator in charge of this principle?
On 11st of June 2020, the BEREC (Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications) adopted guidelines concerning the application of the open internet principle. The BEREC is not a European regulator but a network of national regulators aiming to coordinate their actions. This body is only a consultative body but its recommendations are taken into account by national authorities which have deep legal power, as Osborne-Clarke said about the technical implementation of the European principle of open internet at the national level.
It is thus non necessary to have a central regulator to ensure the effectivity of a principle since the moment when there is a local regulators network able to coordinate their actions through soft law.
July 8, 2020
Thesaurus : Doctrine
► Référence complète : D. Chelly, Stratégie web. Le rôle central des noms de domaine, Gecop, 2020, 253 p.
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📗lire la table des matières de l'ouvrage
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► Résumé de l'ouvrage (fait par l'éditeur) : "Simple outil technique avant 2000, le nom de domaine est devenu un élément-clé de la stratégie internet.
Les entreprises sont à la recherche de référentiels pour les questions juridiques, paramétrages informatiques, optimisation pour le référencement et choix marketing.
L'ouvrage propose un état des bonnes pratiques pour l'utilisation des noms de domaine, dans une démarche multidisciplinaire.".
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June 18, 2020
Thesaurus : 01. Conseil constitutionnel
Jan. 16, 2020
Thesaurus : Doctrine
Full reference: Féral-Schuhl, C., Cyberdroit. Le Droit à l'épreuve de l'internet, Collection Praxis Dalloz, Dalloz, 8th edition, 2020, 1731p.
Read the forth of cover (in French)
Read the table of contents (in French)
Dec. 19, 2019
Interviews
Reference Frison-Roche, M.-A., Le droit de la compliance pour réguler l'internet (Compliance Law to Regulate the Internet), Interview given in French to Sylvie Rozenfeld, Expertises, December 2019, p.385-390.
Summary. Law seems increasingly powerless to stem the social disorder generated by the Internet. For Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, Law professor and specialist in Regulatory Law, the solution is to be found in Law, and more particularly in Compliance Law. This specific Law is already applied in the banking and finance sector, or in the area of personal data. As it has done for green finance and through the GDPR, Europe could impose a compliance system which internalizes concern for the individual in large digital operators. It is up to them to put in place the means and bear the cost, such as the right to be forgotten erected by the CJEU. Marie-Anne Frison-Roche does not offer anything revolutionary, she is content to take elements of positive law that already exist and to correlate them.
Read the interview (in French)
Read the presentation of the official Report for the French Government about which this interview is given:: The contribution of Compliance Law to the Governance of Internet.
Nov. 16, 2019
Publications
The Finance Bill has proposed to the Parliament to vote an article 57 whose title is: Possibilité pour les administrations fiscales et douanières de collecter et exploiter les données rendues publiques sur les sites internet des réseaux sociaux et des opérateurs de plateformes (translation: Possibility for the tax and customs administrations to collect and exploit the data made public on the websites of social networks and platform operators).
Its content is as is in the text voted on in the National Assembly as follows:
"(1) I. - On an experimental basis and for a period of three years, for the purposes of investigating the offenses mentioned in b and c of 1 of article 1728, in articles 1729, 1791, 1791 ter, in 3 °, 8 ° and 10 ° of article 1810 of the general tax code, as well as articles 411, 412, 414, 414-2 and 415 of the customs code, the tax administration and the customs administration and indirect rights may, each as far as it is concerned, collect and exploit by means of computerized and automated processing using no facial recognition system, freely accessible content published on the internet by the users of the online platform operators mentioned in 2 ° of I of article L. 111-7 of the consumer code.
(2) The processing operations mentioned in the first paragraph are carried out by agents specially authorized for this purpose by the tax and customs authorities.
(3) When they are likely to contribute to the detection of the offenses mentioned in the first paragraph, the data collected are kept for a maximum period of one year from their collection and are destroyed at the end of this period. However, when used within the framework of criminal, tax or customs proceedings, this data may be kept until the end of the proceedings.
(4) The other data are destroyed within a maximum period of thirty days from their collection.
(5) The right of access to the information collected is exercised with the assignment service of the agents authorized to carry out the processing mentioned in the second paragraph under the conditions provided for by article 42 of law n ° 78-17 of January 6, 1978 relating to data processing, the files and freedoms.
(6) The right to object, provided for in article 38 of the same law, does not apply to the processing operations mentioned in the second paragraph.
(7) The terms of application of this I are set by decree of the Council of State.
(8) II. - The experiment provided for in I is the subject of an evaluation, the results of which are forwarded to Parliament as well as to the National Commission for Data Protection at the latest six months before its end. "
This initiative provoked many comments, rather reserved, even after the explanations given by the Minister of Budget to the National Assembly.
What to think of it legally?
Because the situation is quite simple, that is why it is difficult: on the one hand, the State will collect personal information without the authorization of the persons concerned, which is contrary to the very object of the law of 1978 , which results in full disapproval; on the other hand, the administration obtains the information to prosecute tax and customs offenses, which materializes the general interest itself.
So what about it?
Read below.
Oct. 26, 2019
Thesaurus : Doctrine
Référence complète : Dulong de Rosnay, M., La mise à disposition des œuvres et des informations sur les réseaux: Régulation juridique et régulation technique, sous la direction de Danièle Bourcier, Université Panthéon-Assas Paris II, 26 octobre 2017, 610 p.
Sept. 27, 2019
Thesaurus : Soft Law
Full reference: Information Note From the European Commission to the Permanent Representatives Committee About the Progress on Combatting Hate Speech Online Through the EU Code of Conduct, Council of the European Union, 27th of September 2019, 7p.