📓 L'apport du Droit de la Compliance dans la Gouvernance d'Internet (The contribution of Compliance Law in the Governance of Internet))

1.Distinguish the US Compliance Law with local purpose but yet global effect, that we must criticize and against which we must react, from Compliance Law, here concerned with the digital, with a global effect because global purpose

2. Promote through a culture of Digital Compliance what is common in Western Law: the principle of Freedom and the principle of the Person

3. Promote and complete the construction of a Western Law and Culture of Compliance, appropriate to the digital world

4. Acknowledge the factual appropriation of data by some operators to react

5. Reject the abstract conception of "data" as neutral

6. Remain attached to the pragmatism of European Law which, in transparency of the "data", attaches "concerning the Person" to its concrete origin, its concrete use and the purpose of this use

7. Even if the circulation of the data is producted by a transmission order resulting from, for example, a Compliance system, it is still necessary that it does not run counter to the protection of the "person concerned" by the data to be transmitted.

8. Ask the organization that orders the forced circulation of data under a compliance program to prove that it does not "concern" a person, unless the person actually agrees

9. The use of Artificial Intelligence will enable the crucial digital operator to respect the obligation to show that the information it circulates and of which it is the guardian, does not "concern" a person

10. Express the second principle, the Person, through the effectiveness of their rights, articulated in the first principle of equal level: the principle of Freedom

11. Associate the population with the enactment of the Principle of Person through the effectiveness of their rights, articulated with the Principle of Freedom

12. Consult on "matters of principle", for example anonymity

13. Consult the population, consult the networks of jurisdictions and authorities, establish a high-level group of experts, without ever losing sight of the goal: a simple and intelligible principle = the Person through the effective respect of their rights

14. Organize regular meetings between the ECHR and the European Commission on the issue of digital "behaviors", leading to flexible law

15. Integrate jurisdictions and prosecutorial authorities from the outset, Ex Ante and Ex Post being a continuum

16. When a thing appears in violation of an intellectual property right, is reported to the operator, not only this operator must be forced to withdraw it (current positive law) but it still he must in Ex Ante do so that this thing no longer appears on the media, neither in itself nor in reference

17. Recognize crucial digital operators an autonomous Ex Ante power of withdrawal of any content or access contrary to the right of intellectual property, corresponding to an obligation of effectiveness of the intellectual property rights rendered ineffective by the digital

18. Confer such an Ex-Ante blocking power to crucial digital operators on access to content only by associating an immediate mechanism of release for the benefit of the owner of the right unlawfully blocked 

19. Organize a deferred dispute for the benefit of the blocked person, who can seize a "trusted third party"

20. If the operator who refuses to insert the content or withdraws it in Ex Ante and persists in not inserting it or in withdrawing it, a litigation procedure may be opened at the request of the user, holder of the "right" access »

21. After a withdrawing by a crucial digital operator, this very fast ex post procedure must start with a request to restore visibility in the digital space, a request made to the digital operator

22. As in any Compliance Law, the aim - the effectiveness of the rights of the Person - can not constitute an obligation of result for the crucial digital operator

23. Only the structural obligation to organize for the effectiveness of intellectual property rights is an "obligation of result" for the crucial digital operators, efficient Ex Ante, regardless of the diligence of third parties

24. Develop the general category of "negative subjective rights" whose "right to be forgotten" is just an example (right not to be found)

25. Include in the obligations of means of crucial digital operators the task of educating Internet users to the proper use of tools for digital inclusion

26. Develop "negative subjective rights", such as the "right not to be misinformed", whose effectiveness must be immediate, through the Ex Ante intervention of operators who will not give false information

27. The fact of anonymity must be countered by the existence of the right of Persons to know who is addressed to them, anonymity becoming the exception

28. Create the subjective right to the real identity of the digital interlocutor, a subjective right whose crucial digital operators are accountable, which does not exclude anonymity but requires that this anonymity must be justified by the one who wants to take advantage of it 

29. The subjective right to know who put the content is the basis of the fundamental subjective right to be able to answer it, falls under the rights of the defense, fundamental right sprayed by the digital, right which must be restored in principle

30. The right to moderation of the speeches of the other when there is an exchange is also a matter of the rights of the defense, because they are similar contents which are inserted; they must generate the same obligations for the crucial digital operator

31. Propose a combination of the exercise of an Ex Ante obligation to control comments that does not differ from obligations on content and an incentive to exercise "moderation" of comments, operated by humans in borderline cases , moderation lending itself to discussion

32. "Comments" must be subject to obligations of result and obligations of means of the same nature and scope as for the original messages

33. Affirm the principle for the crucial digital operators of custody of the information concerning the Persons; exceptions to this principle (making available to others, processing, etc.) must be justified

34. In borderline cases, some telecom operators may become crucial digital operators, becoming accountable for Content Compliance Law, due to massification or systematism of messages.

35. In principle, the private messaging activity does not warrant a compliance mechanism. It is by Ex Post processes and upon request of an alleged damage that the operator must be submitted regarding the message to the mechanism of Compliance

36. Concerning the imperative of effectiveness of the Principle of Person, put the notion of "endangering the person" at the same level as the notion of "putting the system at risk" in the systemic perspective of Compliance Law

37. For the effectiveness of the negative subjective right of Persons not to be endangered by the digital world, Compliance Law must provide crucial digital operators with the means to assist Public Authorities whose purpose is security. In this perspective public order and security is the mirror of this subjective right of persons

38. Recalling the distinction between truth and opinion, give crucial digital operators the general obligation to fight against false information

39. Not to renounce the ideal of education, leading to hatred no longer being felt, stealing the work of others is not desired, and solicit the help of crucial digital operators for this educational purpose of a political nature

40. Internalize by Compliance (obligation of means) education, both to fight against confinement (communitarianism) and isolation (especially geographical confinement)

41. Rely on the permanent and sometimes unique contact that crucial digital operators have with an isolated population for a more equal education, in connection with the public authorities

42. Use about critical digital operators the legal qualification, which is very common in Regulatory Sectorial Law, of a "second-level regulator" applied to the crucial operator who holds part of the system (for example, the transmission network or the financial place)

43. Second-level regulators derive their powers from Legislation and not from charters or their contractual relationship, and are supervised by a Public Supervisor.

44. Bring the Compliance obligations of crucial digital operators to their status as second-level regulators, their internal documents merely duplicating these obligations

45. If the subjective rights of the Person are not at stake, the crucial digital operators must be able to develop in Ex Ante by economic behaviors, notably in BtoB, under the supervision of a Public Authority and with regard to the purpose, supervision as an alternative to the lack of a traditional form of European industrial policy

46. ​​At the same time that the power of the crucial digital operators is increased, so that they fulfill their new obligations of Compliance, compel them to the procedural obligations correlated to their Regulator status, making their increased power bearable

47. To take just one example, crucial digital operators, when acting as second-level regulators, must "show" their absence of "conflicts of interest", a common concern with the Regulatory Law and Compliance Law; when exercising a disciplinary power to perform their Compliance obligations, the operator must give to see its "impartiality" since it acts as a Tribunal, all of its decisions can be challenged in civil and criminal matters

48. On behalf of the European Commission, appointing DG Connect as supervisor of crucial digital operators, in the implementation of the effectiveness of the Principle of Person, is putting the human being at the center of the governance of the Internet and the digital industry market, not the periphery

49. Design DG Connect's powers on crucial digital operators by soft law (encouragement, support, help) in a continuum of visiting, collaboration, engagement, set prefiguring hard law, on models such as the relationships between the European Securities and Markets Authorities (ESMA) and rating agencies, for example.

50. Producing a European horizontal "cross-linking" allows information exchange between the ECHR and DG Connect to obtain a more unified and strongly European vision of a digital world civilized by public oversight Ex Ante and Ex Post

51. Give the European Prosecutor the power to forward a case for DG Connect to exercise supervisory power on behalf of the European Commission

52. As part of the "private enforcement", integrate the technique of launching the alert to DG Connect on the model of the French Act known as "Sapin 2" (2016), an example of a balance of effectiveness of Compliance Law, so that the DG does exercise its supervisory power

53. In the event of a concentration of crucial digital operators, devise a new legal technique, the "decisive opinion", formulated by DG Connect that DG Competition should adopt or refute in its examination of the merger envisaged, the "supervision" and "regulation" offices being reconciled as in banking merger rules

54. Without substantial change insert the legal system into the already very dense vertical interplay between the European level, the Regulators and National Authorities and their national networks, the secretariat of the meetings, events, even "positions taken" being ensured by the DG Connect

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